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             。担畡(dòng)詞

              (1) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài):

             、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

              一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的主要用法有兩點(diǎn):其一表示一經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,如: I always go to scho

              ol at seven. 其二表示某一真理,事實(shí),如: The earth moves around the sun.

             、 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

              現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法有兩點(diǎn):其一表示某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過去,并持續(xù)下來,到現(xiàn)在完成。如: I have studied English for two years. 其二表示某動(dòng)作發(fā)生于過去并已結(jié)束,但其影響到現(xiàn)在。如: I haven’t had my lunch. I’m hungry now.

              與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的詞語有:yet, already, before, since, ever, never等。

              其考查要點(diǎn):

              其一: Have been表示曾經(jīng)去過,如:I have been to America twice. 說此話的人應(yīng)已經(jīng)回到國內(nèi)。而He has gone to Japan.則此人目前已到日本去了。

              其二: 截止性動(dòng)詞可以有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),但不可與表示一段長度的詞連用,如: The clas s has begun. The class has been on for five minutes.

              ③ 一般過去時(shí)

              表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,過去的習(xí)慣或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如: Who broke the window? In those days, I studied hard at night every day. 與過去時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有: at that time, ago, in 1949,just now (剛才), last night, yesterday

              ④ 一般將來時(shí)

              純將來時(shí)的表示法: shall/will+動(dòng)詞原形

              例: I’ll leave for Shanghai this evening.

              表示按計(jì)劃要做或可能做的事: be going to+動(dòng)詞原形

              例: I’m going to help you tonight.

              將來時(shí)的特殊表示法

             。. be+coming/leaving/going/starting/arriving

              例: Don’t worry. I’m coming.

             。. be about to+動(dòng)詞原形

              例: He is about to leave, when the telephone rings.

              c. 狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來

              例: If it rains tomorrow I won’t go to the party.

              (2) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:

             。悖幔睿 能,會

              例: He can do it very well.

             。恚幔涸S可,可能性

              例: May I use your pen?

             。恚酰螅簦罕匾,禁止(多表示主觀看法)

              例: You mustn’t play with fire.

             。瑁幔觯澹簦铮翰坏貌(多表示客觀之事)

              例: I have to go, because I have a meeting.

              could與would:二者用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示語氣的委婉

              例: Could you help me?

             。叮湫

               (1) 賓語從句:

              由疑問代詞或副詞引出的賓語從句

              例: Could you tell me where the post office is?

              Could you tell me what he said? (what作said的賓語)

              由that引出的賓語從句

              例: They said that they would give me some help. (that 僅作引導(dǎo)詞)

              賓語從句中的疑問句要用陳述語序。

              例: He asked when we would leave home.

              (2) 狀語從句:

              狀語從句可包括:時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)/原因/結(jié)果/目的等狀語從句。

              例:I will come when I am free.

              I’m late because my bike is broken.

              He went so early that he got a good seat.

              She studied hard so that she would pass the exam.

              狀語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。

              例: If it rains tomorrow I shall not go to the cinema.

              表示在一長動(dòng)作進(jìn)行過程中某一動(dòng)作突然發(fā)生則長動(dòng)作要用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),而突發(fā)性 動(dòng)作要用一般時(shí)態(tài)。

              例: When I’m reading a book, the telephone rings.

              (3) 反意疑問句

              例: She can swim across the river, can’t she?

              It’s a fine day, isn’t it?

              Marry needs to have a rest, doesn’t she?

              You have nothing to do, do you?

              He seldom does homework, does he?

              Don’t open the door, will you?

              Open the door please, will you?

              Let us have a rest, will you?

              Let’s go, shall we?

              (4) 感嘆句:

              例.What a hot day it is!

              How hot the weather is!

             。罚欢ㄊ

              (1) 不定式在句中作賓語,狀語:

              例: It has begun to rain.

              I want to go to the cinema.

              (2) 不定式與疑問詞連用:

              例: I want to know how to work.

              I want to know what to do.

              (3) 不定式的否定句:

              例: He told me not to do it.

             、苁÷詔o的不定式:

              例: I saw him come this morning.

              這樣的動(dòng)詞有see, hear, watch等感官動(dòng)詞,及have(作讓、使講) make, let.

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