21. The view of Wordsworth about habit is claimed by being _____.
C) mechanical
本題問(wèn)Wordsworth對(duì)habit的觀點(diǎn)，根據(jù)人名定位到第一段，“Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. 注意Wordsworth話中but后面的內(nèi)容“習(xí)慣支配著不會(huì)思考的獸群”，C) mechanical(機(jī)械的)可以說(shuō)是對(duì)unreflecting的替換，此外我們還可以從We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine.加以推斷，這句話的大意為，習(xí)慣是無(wú)意識(shí)地(mindlessly)、是自動(dòng)地(auto-pilot)、很放松地進(jìn)入慣例之中的舒適中(the unconscious comfort of familiar routine)�？忌绻X得這樣的推理比較復(fù)雜的話，也可以從第一段中對(duì)習(xí)慣的描述的詞的褒貶加以判斷。
22. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can be ___.
D) guided
本題問(wèn)研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)習(xí)慣的形成可以怎么樣?我們定位到第二段So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.第一句說(shuō)creativity 和innovation 與habit是互不相容的，接著文章用but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，在這種情況下我們可以推測(cè)后面的內(nèi)容是講creativity 和innovation與habit是相容的，研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么呢?當(dāng)我們有意識(shí)地(consciously)形成新的習(xí)慣時(shí)，我們甚至能夠創(chuàng)造全新的腦細(xì)胞，這能夠使我們的思緒跳躍到新的創(chuàng)新的軌道上(that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks，這句話中that指代create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells)�！笆刮覀兊乃季w跳躍到新的創(chuàng)新的軌道上”不就是guide嗎?
23. "ruts" has closest meaning to___.
A) tracks
本題為詞義推斷題，必須從上下文中加以理解，But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.首先我們由they’re there to stay，知道ruts是一個(gè)具體的東西，接著由the new habits create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.我們可以知道ruts與pathways、roads應(yīng)該是同義替換的，由此選擇A) tracks.
24. Ms. Markova's comments suggest that the practice of standard testing ____.
A) prevents new habits from being formed
本題問(wèn)Markova的評(píng)論意味著標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試會(huì)怎么樣。本題跨度較大，首先必須找到Markova的評(píng)論，“But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ … ” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”
Markova認(rèn)為我們被教育要學(xué)會(huì)"決定"，但決定扼殺了所有的可能性，只留下一個(gè)答案，一個(gè)有創(chuàng)新性的思考者總是考慮許多其他的可能性的。接著我們找到文中關(guān)于 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試的描述The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of thought.大意為目前標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試只強(qiáng)調(diào)了analysis與procedure，這從根本上使得很少有人能夠使用 innovative與collaborative的思維模式。找到了兩個(gè)出處，我們就必須找到“Markova的評(píng)論”與“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試”的聯(lián)系，到底有什么聯(lián)系呢，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)由Markova的評(píng)論我們知道標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化測(cè)試“從根本上使得很少有人能夠使用 innovative與collaborative的思維模式”，而從第二段的描述中我們知道創(chuàng)新性對(duì)于新習(xí)慣的形成是至關(guān)重要的。因此選擇A) prevents new habits from being formed。
25. Ryan most probably agrees that ______.
D) curiosity activates creative minds
本題問(wèn)Ryan最可能同意什么觀點(diǎn)。
A) ideas are born of a relaxing mind 觀點(diǎn)來(lái)源于放松的大腦。
B) innovativeness could be taught 創(chuàng)新能夠被傳授。
C) decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas 果斷來(lái)自于奇特的想法。
根據(jù)人名Ryan我們可以定位到最后一段，但很難從中找出與四個(gè)選項(xiàng)匹配的觀點(diǎn)，不過(guò)我們注意到Ryan與Markova是business partner的關(guān)系，這兩人之間的觀點(diǎn)是一致的，由“The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says Dawna Markova.我們知道Markova認(rèn)為創(chuàng)新最需要的就是對(duì)未知事情的著迷，因此選擇D)curiosity activates creative minds。
而A) ideas are born of a relaxing mind 利用文中出現(xiàn)的relaxing加以編制選項(xiàng)。B) innovativeness could be taught 雖然文中最后一段Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.”This is where developing new habits comes in. 但只是說(shuō)doing even more of it creates excellence.并沒有交代是本人自覺得多做，還是被“taught”的多做。C) decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas文中沒有關(guān)于果斷的信息。
26. In paragraph 1 and 2, the text shows PTK's ____.
