7.Hyperbole 夸張

　　夸張是以言過其實(shí)的說法表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)的目的.它可以加強(qiáng)語勢,增加表達(dá)效果.

　　例如:

　　1>.I beg a thousand pardons.

　　2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.

　　3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.

　　8.Parallelism 排比, 平行

　　這種修辭法是把兩個或兩個以上的結(jié)構(gòu)大體相同或相似,意思相關(guān),語氣一致的短語.句子排列成串,形成一個整體.

　　例如:

　　1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.

　　2>.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.

　　9.Euphemism 委婉,婉辭法

　　婉辭法指用委婉,文雅的方法表達(dá)粗惡,避諱的話.

　　例如:

　　1>.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.

　　2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他與妻子關(guān)系不融洽.

　　3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. (去世)

　　10.Allegory 諷喻,比方(原意“寓言”)

　　建立在假借過去或別處的事例與對象之上，傳達(dá)暗示，影射或者譏諷現(xiàn)世各種現(xiàn)象的含義。

　　英文解釋：an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英語專業(yè)《大學(xué)英語教程》一書。

　　這是一種源于希臘文的修辭法,意為"換個方式的說法".它是一種形象的描述,具有雙重性,表層含義與真正意味的是兩回事.

　　例如:

　　1>.Make the hay while the sun shines.

　　表層含義：趁著出太陽的時(shí)候曬草

　　真正意味：趁熱打鐵

　　2>.It's time to turn plough into sword.

　　表層含義：是時(shí)候把犁變成劍

　　11.Irony 反語

　　反語指用相反意義的詞來表達(dá)意思的作文方式.如在指責(zé)過失.錯誤時(shí),用贊同過失的說法,而在表揚(yáng)時(shí),則近乎責(zé)難的說法.

　　例如:

　　1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.

　　早上沒有時(shí)間觀念還真是一件好事啊(真實(shí)含義是應(yīng)該明確早上的時(shí)間觀念)

　　2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.

　　12.Pun 雙關(guān)

　　雙關(guān)就是用一個詞在句子中的雙重含義,借題發(fā)揮.作出多種解釋,旁敲側(cè)擊,從而達(dá)到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的詞形.詞意和諧音的方式出現(xiàn).

　　例如:

　　1>.She is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.

　　2>.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.

　　3>.If we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.

　　13.Parody 仿擬

　　這是一種模仿名言.警句.諺語,改動其中部分詞語,從而使其產(chǎn)生新意的修辭.

　　例如:

　　1>.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.

　　2>.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.

　　3>.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it.

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