2. 現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中的縮略詞及縮約詞多用于非正式文體，其相應(yīng)的非縮略或非縮約形式則常出現(xiàn)在正式文體中。很多考生都忽略了這一區(qū)別，以下非正式用語(yǔ)欄中的表達(dá)都是從考生大作文中選出的，可修改為右欄正式用語(yǔ)中的表達(dá)。

　　3. 很多考生使用了很多短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，而這正是非正式文體的一大特征，正式文體則常用與之同義的單個(gè)動(dòng)詞。試比較：

　　Informl: People can't put up with the alienation brought by the Internet.

　　Formal: Individuals cannot tolerate the alienation brought by the Internet.

　　Informal: In this day and age, many people can make use of the Internet via computers or mobile phones.

　　Formal: In this day and age, many individuals can utilise the Internet via computers or mobile phones.

　　兩種文體在語(yǔ)言特征上的第二類主要差異體現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)法上，具體包括以下幾個(gè)方面：

　　1. 在構(gòu)成比較句型時(shí)，很多考生選擇使用了人稱代詞的賓格形式，其實(shí)使用人稱代詞的主格形式要顯得更正式些。

　　Informal: He spent more time playing computer games than me.

　　Formal: He spent more time playing computer games than I.

　　2. 在表達(dá)“讓步”概念時(shí)，很多考生選擇使用的but, anyway, all the same, though, although等為非正式文體常用詞語(yǔ)表達(dá)。正式文體則常使用yet, however, nevertheless, in spite of (despite)， notwithstanding等詞語(yǔ)，

　　Informal: He tried to overcome his addiction to the Internet, but he failed.

　　Formal: He endeavoured to overcome his addiction to the Internet; however, it turned out to be a failure.

　　3. 在構(gòu)成“方式狀語(yǔ)”時(shí)，很多考生偏愛(ài)使用副詞，而這正是非正式文體常用的表達(dá)方式，正式文體則常用介詞和與該副詞同根的詞構(gòu)成的介詞短語(yǔ)：

　　Informal: It's very important to…

　　Formal: It is of great importance to…

　　4. 在表達(dá)“原因”、“后果”等概念時(shí)，很多考生由于水平所限，總是使用非正式文體常用的so, because或其他形式的表示原因的從句，正式文體則常用 on account of, accordingly, thus, hence, consequently, owing to (the fact that…)等詞或詞組，且比較經(jīng)常地運(yùn)用分詞短語(yǔ)、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等。

　　Informal: Since computers had proliferated, many people become addicted to the Internet.

　　Formal: Computers having proliferated, many people become addicted to the Internet.

　　5. 在構(gòu)成表示“目的”的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，很多考生使用具有非正式文體色彩的so as to;其實(shí)，用in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句常出現(xiàn)于正式文體中：

　　Informal: We should do more outdoor activities so as to enrich our life.

　　Formal: We should do more outdoor activities in order that our life gets enriched.

　　6. 很多考生不會(huì)使用由引導(dǎo)詞it引導(dǎo)的句子(如it is said that…)，實(shí)際上，這一結(jié)構(gòu)多見(jiàn)于正式文體，不用這一結(jié)構(gòu)而表達(dá)同一意義的句子多見(jiàn)于非正式文體：

　　Informal: The number of students in the classroom has been going down.

　　Formal: It has been noted with concern that the number of students attending class has been declining alarmingly.

　　7. 很多考生省略關(guān)系代詞、連詞、介詞，這些情況多見(jiàn)于非正式文體。

　　Informal: He flunked many courses. He had been expelled from the college.

　　Formal: He flunked so many courses that he had been expelled from the college.

　　Informal: He dealt with the problem the way his classmates does.

　　Formal: He dealt with the problem in the way his classmates does.

　　Informal: We should prevent it going from bad to worse.

　　Formal: We should prevent it from going from bad to worse.

　　8. 在表達(dá)“請(qǐng)求某人做某事時(shí)”，很多考生選擇使用具有非正式文體色彩的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句式，而沒(méi)有使用具有正式文體色彩的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句式。

　　Informal: Please communicate more with your friends and family.

　　Formal: More communication with your friends and family is needed.

　　9. 很多考生未能正確使用某些不定代詞、動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，不太注意句子的主謂一致，未能體現(xiàn)文章的正式文體風(fēng)格。

　　Informal: Everybody should look after themselves.

　　Formal: Everybody should look after himself.

　　Informal: Everyone should do their best.

　　Formal: Everyone should do his best.

　　Informal: I'm not surprised at him failing the course.

　　Formal: I am not surprised at his failing the course.