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            復(fù)習(xí)資料:2003-2008年考研作文真題及黃金范文

              2003年

              66. Directions:

              Study the following set of drawings carefully and write an essay in which you should

              1) describe the set of drawings,interpret its meaning,and

              2) point out its implications in our life.

              You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)

              溫室花朵經(jīng)不起風(fēng)雨

              范文

              The above two pictures have shaped sharp contrast to each other. In one picture, a flower grows in a greenhouse and is in full bloom in spite of the outside rain. But in the other, the flower, moved outside and without the protection of the greenhouse, is withering in the thunderstorm. The two pictures show us that the flower, which is raised in a greenhouse and carefully protected, cannot stand natural wind and rain at all.

              It is most likely that the drawer means to compare children in our country to the flower in his drawings and reflect a problem in the present education of our children. For one thing, nowadays, most children are brought up by their parents with tender care. Parents always try their best to meet the childrens demands, to provide them with the best environment of growth and study and to protect them from any possible harms, setbacks and sufferings. For another, owing to the present examinationoriented education system, most children are too heavily burdened with studies to have time to take part in social activities, so they learn little about the society, the real world outside their family and school. Growing up in such a manner and such an environment, the children will inevitably and naturally lack the ability to stand sufferings and overcome obstacles when they leave their parents and step into the society.

              To sum up, the problem of childrens education must be solved timely and effectively because it is they that constitute the future of our country.

            [NextPage]

              2004年

              66. Directions:Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should

              1) describe the drawing,

              2) interpret its meaning,and

              3) support your view with examples.

              You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)

              終點(diǎn)又是新起點(diǎn)

              范文

              Section Ⅳ Writing

              In the picture presented to us, there is a boy running on annular tracks and reaching the finishing line. Heavily sweating as he is, a happy smile hangs on his lips. However, as an arrow marked “End” points on the finishing line, there occurs another arrow marked with “Beginning”.

              Though this picture only describes a runner who is going to start a new run after reaching the finishing line, yet it demonstrates a universal law that governs the development of mankind. In other words, if we want to make constant progress we must keep forging ahead instead of resting on laurels. Robertson once said, “Whenever he is satisfied with what he does, he has reached his culminating point—he will progress no more.”

              This reminds me of Picasso, whose works greatly influenced the path of 20thcentury art. But what has impressed me most is not the notable success he has achieved but his enterprising spirit. Besides “the greatest artist of the 20th century”, he is acclaimed as “the youngest artist in the world” because he unremittingly pursued and explored new styles of painting all his life. After producing his most famous postimpressionist style, he later developed many other styles and even at the last moment of his life he was producing a new painting.

            [NextPage]

              2005年

              Part A

              51. Directions:

              Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.

              Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

              范文

              Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.

              Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

              Dear Mr. Wang,

              It was very kind of you to give me this opportunity to work as an editor, but now I am very sorry to say that I have to quit my present job.

              The chief reason is that I find the job is not as challenging as I have thought. I have been asked to do the jobs of checking and proofreading instead of accomplishing creative tasks such as inventing and formulating. Besides, the pay also turns out to be lower than my expectation.

              I am sure that my working experience here will benefit me in my future career. I do apologize for any inconvenience cause by my resignation, and I wish you all the best.

              Best regards.

              Yours sincerely,

              Li Ming

              Part B

              52. Directions:

              Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.

              You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

              范文

              What a distressing irony to see such a special “football” match! The ball is an old father, and none of the four goal keepers, three sons and a daughter, would let the “ball” go into their goals. The father can do nothing but huddle himself up in the middle of the field. Looking at the picture, I believe, every reader with conscience will feel intensely pained by the pitiful situation of the father and the hardhearted filial impiety of the sons and the daughter.

              It is no doubt that the sons and the daughter are to be condemned. Father is the person who has brought them up with great love. How can they treat him so cruelly? Filial piety has been advocated as a traditional Chinese virtue throughout history. Every step of a childs growth, from birth to death, bears so much time and energy of the parents and above all, their unselfish love. So our parents rightly deserve our reward—love, respect, care and support. Whats more, family relationship is very much like a mirror. If you smile upon it, it will smile back upon you. By treating our parents kindly, we will set an example for our sons and daughters and gain their respect and love in return.

              In a word, it is our innate obligation to be filial to our parents.

            [NextPage]

              2006年

              Part A

              51. Directions:

              You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.

              Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

              范文

              Dear Sir or Madam,

              I am writing to inquire the possibility of providing financial aid for a proper candidate.

              I wish that you could find a primary schoolgirl in the rural areas of western China. More often than not girls drop out of school there for the lack of money. I plan to offer 3000 yuan per year up until she finishes secondary education. If she can enter university, I will continue to support her until she graduates and finds a job.

              I wish that it would not be too difficult to find such a candidate. I am looking forward to your early reply.

              Sincerely yours,

              Li Ming

              Part B

              52. Directions:

              Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should

              1. describe the photos briefly,

              2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them,

              3. give your point of view.

              You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)

              范文

              The photos show two big fans of Beckham—a British football star. One writes the stars name on his face and the other is having his hair made an expensive Beckham style.

              From them, we can vividly sense the enthusiasm of hero worship, which is an ordinary phenomenon in modern society. As a matter of fact, with mass media and multiculture fast developing, hero worship covers an increasingly large scope. People from all walks of life, usually if they are successful, outstanding or popular, may be admired by others.

              Hero worship is not absolutely right or wrong. It depends on what the worshipper does for his idol. If handled appropriately, hero worship may stimulate the positive aspects in us, such as passion for life, motivation for work and noble values. Learning from our idols we can gain enlightenment, encouragement and qualities that we need when we strive for a career. By loving them, we can add color to our life and explore a larger range of social experiences.

              But as everything has its limits, hero worship will bring adverse effects beyond proper control. If we are indulged in it and lose ourselves, we will be shaded by our idols and then what will be the meaning of our personal life?

              Therefore, the key lies in whether we can maintain our independence and individuality. It is up to us to live in the shadow or the sunshine of the heroes we admire.

            [NextPage]

              2007年

              Part A

              51. Directions:

              Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service.

              You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

              范文

              Dear Sir or Madam,

              I am writing this letter to raise some suggestions for improving the service of our university library.

              Generally speaking, the library functions well, but there are still several problems. To begin with, more librarians should work in the circulation hall so that students can borrow and return books more quickly. In addition, the opening hours should be lengthened so that more students can take advantage of the library. Last but not least, the computer room should be expanded so that more students can gain access to the Intranet and the Internet.

              I will be grateful if my suggestions receive your favorable consideration, and I firmly believe that the service level will be improved significantly in the near future.

              Yours sincerely,

              Li Ming

              Part B

              52. Directions:

              Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

              1) describe the drawing briefly,

              2) explain its intended meaning, and then

              3) support your view with an example/examples.

              You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

              范文

              In the picture, there shapes a sharp conflict between the goal keeper and the ball player. The former exaggerates the goal and minimizes himself in his mind while the latter thinks otherwise. Actually, both the goal and the keeper are just in normal size. What causes the problem is that they have overestimated the difficulty they are each faced with. Such attitude towards difficulty will surely produce negative effects on the results.

              Difficulties are in the pathway of everyone. To overcome them, we must at first make correct judgment on the situation, which is based on confidence, courage and rational thinking. Lets take memory for example. In the process of learning, students need to remember a lot of things, such as Chemical Elements Periodic Table, ancient articles and mathematical formulae. But many complain that it is hard to remember them accurately and they are ready to give up when they feel so. On the contrary, those who learn successfully are confident about themselves and willing to try although they also feel difficult at first. And later they find the more they practise the memory, the easier it becomes to remember.

              In conclusion, if we are to succeed in handling the difficult things, we must have selfconfidence, judge the situation rationally and be courageous enough to keep trying.

            [NextPage]

              2008年

              Part A

              51. Directions:

              You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to

              1) make an apology, and

              2) suggest a solution.

              You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.

              Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.

              Do not write the address. (10 points)

              范文

              Dear Bob,

              I have arrived in Shanghai yesterday and I want to show my gratitude to you for your hospitality.

              I am so sorry that I have forgotten to return the music CD that you lent me last month and I decide to send it back as soon as possible. Together with it is another CD of traditional Chinese music as a gift for you, which I hope that you will enjoy it very much.

              I wish I had not caused too much trouble for you. Thank you again for the help you gave me during my stay in Canada. Please tell me if you visit China some day and I can be your tour guide.

              Best regards.

              Sincerely yours,

              Li Ming

              Part B

              52. Directions:

              Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

              1) describe the drawing briefly,

              2) explain its intended meaning, and then

              3) give your comments.

              You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

              你一條腿,我一條腿,

              你我一起,走南闖北

              范文

              The picture presents a touching sight to us. Two handicapped men are walking quite quickly by binding their disabled legs together and holding fast to each others shoulders, with their crutches left behind. What respectable persons they are! They have surpassed their own physical deficiency and explored a smoother and easier way of advancing by drawing strength and support from each other. Obviously, what is highlighted in the picture is cooperation.

              In modern times, cooperation has become an efficient and effective way to solve many problems. To begin with, through cooperation, we can heighten our strength so as to accomplish the things that are impossible to be done only by one person. We all have our own limitations and with the fast development of science and technology, we are facing a world that is more and more sophisticated. Therefore, we often need to combine others abilities and resources to gain success. Whats more, cooperation is not the simple addition but fusion of all partners strength. Making use of different members strong points, offsetting the weaknesses, supporting mutually and sharing resources with each other, we can then attain to a capacity that is much stronger than the sum of all partners.

              All in all, by cooperation among each other, we will be able to explore a wider world and reach further.上海地區(qū)考研英語(yǔ)閱卷點(diǎn)的工作非常認(rèn)真細(xì)致——每次正式閱卷前,都會(huì)召集閱卷組長(zhǎng)開(kāi)會(huì),討論評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn),確定具體的實(shí)施辦法。

              下面談?wù)?005年組長(zhǎng)開(kāi)會(huì)的情況:

              Section III Writing

              Part A

              51. Directions:

              Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s), and making an apology.

              Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.

              You do not need to write the address. (10 points)

              Part B

              52.Directions:

              Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.

              You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)

            [NextPage]

              2005小作文評(píng)分指令

              首先談?wù)勑∽魑摹S捎诳偡植桓,所以如果出現(xiàn)格式錯(cuò)誤,所扣分應(yīng)不超過(guò)一分。格式包括右上角的日期,這個(gè)日期不寫(xiě)是可以的,但不能寫(xiě)在信的最后面。信應(yīng)該包含抬頭和最后的簽名,Yours與下一行的署名如果緊靠左側(cè)寫(xiě)不扣分。針對(duì)照抄指令的同學(xué)要扣分這一點(diǎn),規(guī)定只要把原來(lái)句中的you改為I就不算照抄。

              一定要包含三個(gè)要點(diǎn),但是如果順序顛倒,可以不扣分。例如有的同學(xué)一上來(lái)就表示抱歉,這是完全可以的。在列舉原因的時(shí)候,可以是一個(gè),也可以是多個(gè)。

              在試卷上的指令中,要求該文章不少于100詞,而評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)上要求是100詞左右。最終確定該部分低于90詞要扣分。

              該文章共分五個(gè)檔次,組長(zhǎng)會(huì)議建議實(shí)際操作中將大部分分?jǐn)?shù)打在三檔(5-6分)和四檔(7-8分)。小作文應(yīng)注意把握總體評(píng)分的原則。

              2005大作文評(píng)分指令

              大作文一定要注意做到總體評(píng)分。大部分分?jǐn)?shù)應(yīng)打到10-15分,屬于三檔(9-12)和四檔(13-16)。標(biāo)題有無(wú)均不計(jì)分,因?yàn)橹噶顚?duì)此沒(méi)有要求。如果跑題,嚴(yán)格扣分——這種情況是很少見(jiàn)的,就是學(xué)生對(duì)主題的把握完全錯(cuò)誤,根本沒(méi)有談子女贍養(yǎng)父母的問(wèn)題,而是談了足球或者健康等問(wèn)題。

              大作文字?jǐn)?shù)要求是160至200詞,低于160詞要扣分,具體做法是每少1~10詞扣一分,依此類推。字?jǐn)?shù)超出200詞不扣分。

              實(shí)際批改過(guò)程中的體會(huì)

              批改時(shí)按照總體印象評(píng)分,換句話說(shuō),憑的是感覺(jué)。評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中規(guī)定了內(nèi)容、結(jié)構(gòu)與語(yǔ)言諸方面,而實(shí)際批改是將包含上述各方面的諸多因素綜合考慮的結(jié)果。閱卷是一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程,閱卷老師會(huì)先掛檔,再進(jìn)行微調(diào)。

              在實(shí)際批改過(guò)程中,真實(shí)批改的速度越快,對(duì)內(nèi)容與結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)注程度就越低,而對(duì)語(yǔ)言的關(guān)注程度就越高。一般說(shuō)來(lái),只要滿足了內(nèi)容與結(jié)構(gòu)的最低要求,大部分的注意力都集中在了語(yǔ)言上面。這也就是說(shuō),考生應(yīng)圍繞正確的主題來(lái)談,而對(duì)思想的深度與創(chuàng)新性要求較少。結(jié)構(gòu)上應(yīng)包含各個(gè)要點(diǎn),而出色的銜接與連貫肯定是加分點(diǎn)。由于時(shí)間緊,任務(wù)重,所以不大可能做到雙人批改或一個(gè)人看兩遍,只能做到少數(shù)文章抽檢,所以衡量考生水平的最重要尺度還是語(yǔ)言。

              總的說(shuō)來(lái),從上海地區(qū)的閱卷情況看,大家的寫(xiě)作水平有所提升,但是幅度并不明顯。雖然大組長(zhǎng)會(huì)議建議將大多數(shù)分?jǐn)?shù)打在10至15分,可是真實(shí)操作中感覺(jué)平均分只有10分多一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。

              英語(yǔ)考試要人工批閱包括閱讀的C節(jié),也就是翻譯以及兩篇作文。在實(shí)際操作的過(guò)程中,為了節(jié)省時(shí)間,每個(gè)大組通常將閱卷老師分為翻譯小組和作文小組,而某一位同學(xué)的小作文和大作文很可能是同一個(gè)人批閱的。那么,閱卷老師很可能在兩篇作文之間建立關(guān)聯(lián),請(qǐng)大家切記。

              小作文的批改比較輕松。由于篇幅短,信函的性質(zhì)與要點(diǎn)均非常清晰,所以寫(xiě)作相對(duì)容易,最終得分為6分、5分和7分的非常多。

              大作文的批改相對(duì)要難一些。可以看出,大部分同學(xué)對(duì)于圖畫(huà)作文還是比較熟悉的,都能嚴(yán)格按照提綱的三點(diǎn)來(lái)寫(xiě)。只有個(gè)別同學(xué)主題把握不準(zhǔn)確,得到了極低的分?jǐn)?shù)。但由于語(yǔ)言的精彩程度普遍較低,閃光點(diǎn)較少,所以得高分的同學(xué)不多。

              此次閱卷的一個(gè)很深的感受是,很多同學(xué)因?yàn)樽謹(jǐn)?shù)不夠而被扣分?佳械拇痤}卡2與四六級(jí)等考試的完全不同,是橫向雙面設(shè)計(jì)。我清楚地記得,2004年閱卷時(shí),正反都是22行。正面翻譯每個(gè)三行,共五題,即十五行。下面還有七行,背面是22行。一般說(shuō)來(lái)一行寫(xiě)十個(gè)字,那么如果沒(méi)有題目的話,寫(xiě)到背面中間正好18行,即約180字,這樣一目測(cè)就基本上知道是否應(yīng)該被扣分了。而當(dāng)時(shí)許多文章正面寫(xiě)得很好,反過(guò)來(lái)一看,戛然而止,分?jǐn)?shù)就一下子扣掉了,很可惜。

              2005年閱卷由于增加了小作文,大作文被安排在了背面,應(yīng)當(dāng)扣分的字?jǐn)?shù)也由180詞減少到160詞。實(shí)際上,我們強(qiáng)烈建議大作文寫(xiě)到200詞左右,正好寫(xiě)到將一頁(yè)基本占滿的感覺(jué)是最好的,字大小適中即可。

              減少語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤,提高語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確性很重要。另一方面就是增加閃光點(diǎn),除了結(jié)構(gòu)清晰外,閃光點(diǎn)主要指好的詞、詞組或句型,一是使用恰當(dāng),二是要有變換。如果文章分為三段,那么起始段、結(jié)尾段和中間段落的開(kāi)始部分非常關(guān)鍵。背誦的好詞好句,一定要和具體的行文聯(lián)系起來(lái),融入到文章中去,不僅要用對(duì),還要用好,避免給人突兀的感覺(jué)。

              除了文章內(nèi)在的因素之外,外界的因素對(duì)評(píng)分也有影響。干凈整潔、字跡漂亮的文章肯定會(huì)比同樣內(nèi)容的亂涂亂畫(huà)的文章得分要高。大家在平時(shí)寫(xiě)作時(shí)就應(yīng)養(yǎng)成良好的習(xí)慣,將字寫(xiě)清楚,寫(xiě)整潔。

              結(jié)語(yǔ)

              綜上所述,對(duì)于作文這一部分,大家應(yīng)該首先了解不同文章的特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律,而后用心學(xué)習(xí)范文并進(jìn)行模仿,然后練習(xí)全文寫(xiě)作并請(qǐng)老師批改再細(xì)細(xì)揣摩。通過(guò)這樣的努力,大家的寫(xiě)作一定會(huì)有長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步。

              閱卷心得體會(huì)—2006年我于2006年2月第三次擔(dān)任了上海地區(qū)考研英語(yǔ)閱卷組組長(zhǎng),這里將此次的新體會(huì)寫(xiě)下來(lái)與大家分享。

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              2006年的作文題目如下:

              Section III Writing

              Part A

              51. Directions:

              You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.

              Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

              Part B

              52. Directions:

              Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should

              1. describe the photos briefly,

              2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them,3. give your point of view.

              You should write 160~200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points)

              小作文

              小作文是一封申請(qǐng)信(letter of request),但是從題目上看,并不接近英美教科書(shū)中典型的應(yīng)用文,而是帶有中國(guó)特色的出題方式。大家一定要緊扣提綱,對(duì)情景有深入的理解和準(zhǔn)確的把握。提綱與2005年第一次出的小作文題目一樣,也是不采用分點(diǎn)羅列的方式,而是放在一起陳述,這與大作文是不同的。大作文絕大多數(shù)時(shí)候都會(huì)分點(diǎn)羅列。大家在行文中一定要注意涵蓋要點(diǎn),同時(shí)也要做到表達(dá)流暢、語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確貼切。

              請(qǐng)大家注意一個(gè)重要的細(xì)節(jié),字不要寫(xiě)得太大。2006年的答題紙二是雙面橫向設(shè)計(jì)的,正面為22行,上面十行是五道翻譯題,每題兩行,每道題前均有題號(hào),從46一直到50。下面十二行寫(xiě)小作文,前面有題號(hào),為51。兩種題目之間留有間隔,這種新的設(shè)計(jì)很不錯(cuò)。反面也是22行,所有行之間的間距相同。大家注意,這樣的格子對(duì)于想寫(xiě)長(zhǎng)文章的同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō),是相當(dāng)有限制的。大家的字一定要寫(xiě)得中等或偏小一點(diǎn)才能寫(xiě)得下并看上去舒服。由于加頁(yè)是幾乎不可能的,所以大家在一開(kāi)始寫(xiě)的時(shí)候就要計(jì)劃好。

              正面的左側(cè)約五分之一的地方自上而下分別是第二部分即閱讀理解C節(jié)、第三部分寫(xiě)作A節(jié)及寫(xiě)作B節(jié)評(píng)分的地方,所以去掉這個(gè)區(qū)域,留給小作文的地方就更小了。建議大家將Dear Mr. Johnson這樣的抬頭緊鄰著題號(hào)51寫(xiě),日期在右邊稍微抬高就可以了(上面說(shuō)過(guò)這一行比較寬)。實(shí)際上不寫(xiě)日期也不會(huì)扣分,不過(guò)一定不要將日期寫(xiě)到信的最后去。信最后的落款要占兩行,有一行寫(xiě)到十二行之外的頁(yè)下空白處是無(wú)傷大雅的,而且很可能是非常有必要的。相反,如果連十二行都未占滿,閱卷老師就有可能會(huì)考慮字?jǐn)?shù)是否夠。

              由于教育部考試中心這次在下發(fā)《英語(yǔ)試題參考答案和評(píng)分參考》時(shí)并未象往年一樣下發(fā)作文樣卷,所以上海閱卷點(diǎn)的大組長(zhǎng)們共同確定了十份樣卷,也就是小作文5、6、7、8分各一份,大作文11、12、13、14、15、16分各一份。這些都是在字?jǐn)?shù)符合要求的作文中挑選的。實(shí)際上絕大多數(shù)的小作文都取得了上面的分?jǐn)?shù)?傮w感覺(jué)似乎比去年好一點(diǎn),去年是6分最多,其次是5、7、8分,今年感覺(jué)7分與5分的數(shù)量差不多,有的學(xué)校甚至7分卷更多一點(diǎn)。而大作文還是普遍沒(méi)有大的改觀,16分非常少,16分以上的寥寥無(wú)幾,感覺(jué)總平均分僅比去年略高,但應(yīng)該還是不到11分?梢钥闯觯虾@蠋煂(duì)大家的要求是相當(dāng)嚴(yán)格的。許多老師都是多年閱卷的“行家”,對(duì)于文章的把握相當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確,對(duì)于分?jǐn)?shù)的判定也相當(dāng)敏銳。

              今年閱卷有個(gè)感受,就是小作文的分?jǐn)?shù)拉不開(kāi),得高分的大多是寫(xiě)得長(zhǎng)的文章,把落款寫(xiě)到下面。很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間來(lái)我都在細(xì)細(xì)揣摩閱卷老師們的微妙的心理反應(yīng)與心理變化,對(duì)于這一點(diǎn),我感覺(jué)很象國(guó)際象棋里的兵“觸底成后”。

              在寫(xiě)作小作文時(shí),千萬(wàn)不要信口開(kāi)河,如有個(gè)學(xué)生說(shuō)每年想給資助的孩子二百萬(wàn)元,還有個(gè)學(xué)生自稱是professor。有些學(xué)生對(duì)題目理解有誤,這是不應(yīng)該的,比如有個(gè)學(xué)生講了一個(gè)具體的孩子的故事,說(shuō)這個(gè)孩子很可憐,令人同情,所以要資助他。這道題是要求寫(xiě)明自己想要捐助怎樣的孩子,這里要求寫(xiě)作者的想法,還不知道具體的孩子的情況。

              小作文也應(yīng)分段來(lái)寫(xiě),不要只寫(xiě)成一段。

              大作文

              大作文不寫(xiě)標(biāo)題不扣分,但是寫(xiě)錯(cuò)則會(huì)給閱卷老師留下不好的印象,這樣就得不償失了。請(qǐng)大家注意:最好不要反著寫(xiě)大作文。答題紙二的背面寫(xiě)大作文,看到上面的題號(hào)52,就不會(huì)搞反了。

              大作文的字?jǐn)?shù)不夠肯定是要扣分的,今年的情況似乎更加嚴(yán)重。由于考研的答題卡設(shè)計(jì)較為緊湊,與四六級(jí)不同,所以寫(xiě)得短被扣分的幅度要更大。如果以中等大小的字體寫(xiě)滿全頁(yè),當(dāng)然在正常分段,每段開(kāi)頭均有空格的情況下,大概能寫(xiě)240詞,而根據(jù)多年的寫(xiě)作批改經(jīng)驗(yàn)——不超過(guò)240詞,是絕對(duì)不會(huì)對(duì)閱卷老師產(chǎn)生“寫(xiě)得太長(zhǎng)”的感受的。當(dāng)然每個(gè)老師對(duì)長(zhǎng)文章的感覺(jué)不盡相同,有的可能300詞才覺(jué)得長(zhǎng),但是240詞應(yīng)該是低端臨界值。

              今年出現(xiàn)一個(gè)趨勢(shì),就是大作文的字?jǐn)?shù)不夠被猛扣分。有些同學(xué)功底不錯(cuò),只是在考試時(shí)沒(méi)掌握好時(shí)間,但這種錯(cuò)誤有時(shí)可能是致命的。題目的要求非常清楚,要求大家寫(xiě)160至200詞。不寫(xiě)到160詞肯定扣分,這是毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的。原則上是少1-10詞扣一分,但是字?jǐn)?shù)不足很可能漏點(diǎn),即三點(diǎn)只寫(xiě)兩點(diǎn)或者一點(diǎn),這樣扣起來(lái)就厲害了。大家切記:參加寫(xiě)作閱卷的老師中有不少都是自己非常喜愛(ài)寫(xiě)作的人,越是這樣的老師對(duì)字?jǐn)?shù)少扣分扣得越狠。一般說(shuō)來(lái),不到16行肯定要扣分。另外,字寫(xiě)得差或模糊也是如此。有的同學(xué)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以來(lái)有不良的寫(xiě)作習(xí)慣。沒(méi)有批過(guò)作文的人可能永遠(yuǎn)也想象不到看快沒(méi)油的圓珠筆寫(xiě)成的作文時(shí)那種痛苦的感受,或者看到寫(xiě)一個(gè)詞點(diǎn)一個(gè)點(diǎn)的作文時(shí)那種幾近瘋狂的感覺(jué)。

              許多大組現(xiàn)在都和我們大組一樣,自己分成兩個(gè)小組,一組改翻譯,一組改作文。所以小作文和大作文有可能由同一個(gè)老師改,但翻譯由另一個(gè)老師改。有的大組在閱卷時(shí)將小作文和大作文也分開(kāi)來(lái)改,這樣更科學(xué),但也需要更多時(shí)間。

              在大作文中,切記千萬(wàn)不要抄閱讀理解。今年發(fā)現(xiàn)有的同學(xué)將自己寫(xiě)的部分與抄的閱讀部分間隔起來(lái),閱卷老師給了3分。還有個(gè)同學(xué)前四段抄閱讀理解原文,最后寫(xiě)了一句:Beckham is a English. I hate him.全文只有這一句與題目有關(guān),后來(lái)根據(jù)輕易不判0分的傳統(tǒng),勉強(qiáng)給了1分。

              寫(xiě)大作文時(shí)切記要扣緊主題,切不可離題太遠(yuǎn),導(dǎo)致最后回不來(lái)或由于時(shí)間關(guān)系寫(xiě)不完。另外,各部分之間的比例應(yīng)適當(dāng),如第一段就不要太長(zhǎng)。與主題相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)要用對(duì),如追星中的追求,可以用pursue,但不要把pursuit當(dāng)成動(dòng)詞來(lái)用。

              語(yǔ)言水平的提高決非易事,僅舉兩例。

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              比如在最后下結(jié)論時(shí),有的同學(xué)要表達(dá)“做自己”的概念,這里應(yīng)使用“Be yourself”,但不少同學(xué)用“Do yourself”,這就不對(duì)了。

              又如:I think this men who persuit stars have no culture.這個(gè)同學(xué)可能要表達(dá)“我認(rèn)為這個(gè)追星的人沒(méi)文化”的概念,可改為:I believe that this person who adores stars is not educated.

              更好的寫(xiě)法是:Those people who are indulged in star worship, in my belief, are not independent individuals.

              希望大家用心體會(huì),多吸納范文中好的詞句,而后將它們有意識(shí)地用到自己的文章中,之后通過(guò)多次修正,必能獲得進(jìn)步。閱卷心得體會(huì)—2007年今年閱卷已是第九個(gè)年頭,上海的試卷比去年減少了2.9%,是多年來(lái)首次出現(xiàn)減少,F(xiàn)將最新的感受記錄下來(lái),與大家分享。

              今年的作文題目如下:

              Section Ⅲ Writing

              Part A

              51. Directions:

              Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service.

              You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)

              Part B

              52. Directions:

              Write an essay of 160~200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should

              1) describe the drawing briefly,

              2) explain its intended meaning, and then

              3) support your view with an example/examples.

              You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)小作文

              小作文是一封建議信(letter of suggestion),與大學(xué)生活扣得很緊,是大家熟悉的話題,比較容易把握。題目特點(diǎn)是指令中的描述非常簡(jiǎn)單,只有一句話——寫(xiě)信給校圖書(shū)館,提出改進(jìn)服務(wù)的建議。

              小作文的分?jǐn)?shù)差距不大。大部分同學(xué)都做到了結(jié)構(gòu)完整、格式不出錯(cuò)的基本要求。

              大作文

              大作文非常玄妙,值得細(xì)品。首先,很可能從今年開(kāi)始大作文將經(jīng)歷由時(shí)事向哲理過(guò)渡的重大變革。其次,出題人將盡量用圖畫(huà)來(lái)表達(dá)意圖,而不借助或少借助圖中或圖旁的文字,這樣意義表達(dá)得會(huì)更深刻,對(duì)考生的思考力和判斷力的要求也就更高。第三,圖畫(huà)的含義深刻,可以接受的解釋也較多,但要想取得高分,必須緊扣圖畫(huà),把握住其中的精髓。最后,題目要求中明確提出要舉例。這不是第一次,如2004年的大作文就曾提出要舉例(support your view with examples)。還記得當(dāng)年大家討論后認(rèn)為舉一個(gè)或多個(gè)例子均可,今年的指令首次出現(xiàn)了an example/examples,這一方面可見(jiàn)出題人的精心,另一方面也可看出如果我們用心,就能夠提前一步把握考研試題的發(fā)展方向。

              今年判分更加嚴(yán)格了,這主要體現(xiàn)在大作文上。與主題無(wú)關(guān)的文章,如有些考生照抄閱讀理解,一律給0分。如果考生沒(méi)有理解圖畫(huà)的意思,扣分也非常厲害。比如有一個(gè)考生將漫畫(huà)看成了三幅圖,他描述道:一個(gè)小男孩在圖一中玩足球,一個(gè)胖男人在圖二中玩,一對(duì)老夫妻在圖三中玩。三幅圖的寓意是:每個(gè)人都應(yīng)當(dāng)鍛煉身體。還有一位考生寫(xiě)道:可以看出一個(gè)人在射門,一只動(dòng)物在守門——畫(huà)圖者提醒人們一定要愛(ài)護(hù)動(dòng)物。有個(gè)考生寫(xiě)道,一個(gè)人射門,三個(gè)人守門,引申到有的政府部門一定要提高效率。另有個(gè)考生寫(xiě)道,一個(gè)強(qiáng)壯的人與一個(gè)弱小的人比賽,還讓強(qiáng)壯的人先踢,這樣的規(guī)則很不合理,由此引申到構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)一定要有人人平等的法律與規(guī)則。實(shí)際上,寫(xiě)成貧富差距、社會(huì)公平、生態(tài)平衡、自私問(wèn)題或贍養(yǎng)老人問(wèn)題的考生并不少?赡芩麄兡X中已有了現(xiàn)成的文章,上了考場(chǎng)就往上硬套。有的考生雖然不算完全跑題,但也只能算是勉強(qiáng)有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)聯(lián)系,比如有個(gè)考生就寫(xiě)道:從圖中寫(xiě)以看出,在任何時(shí)候腦中都應(yīng)保留危機(jī)意識(shí),這種意識(shí)對(duì)個(gè)人與社會(huì)的發(fā)展都有利。雖然其后的論證比較清晰流暢,但最關(guān)鍵的卻缺失了——無(wú)法看出是怎么從圖畫(huà)推導(dǎo)出“危機(jī)意識(shí)”的。有的甚至將漫畫(huà)中的人看成了雞、鴨、猴等,很是令人失望。

              至于模板,大家一定要理解清楚,根據(jù)不同的文章做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整,這樣才能取得良好的效果。這些年閱卷中常碰到一些文章,一看就知道背過(guò)我書(shū)里的范文——如果考生能吃透文章,并能根據(jù)具體問(wèn)題做出適當(dāng)?shù)淖兓,就能獲得滿意的分?jǐn)?shù);如果是死記硬背,不考慮當(dāng)前文章的實(shí)際,情況就不容樂(lè)觀了?傊荒苡蔡啄0。

              現(xiàn)在的閱卷老師越來(lái)越認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé),投機(jī)心理不可取,況且有些老師比較激進(jìn)一點(diǎn),對(duì)某些低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤不會(huì)給多少分——出現(xiàn)一次可能還能容忍,一旦出現(xiàn)兩次就很麻煩。所以大家先要保證不出低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤,然后再盡量增加閃光點(diǎn)。

              今年的高分比去年少,16分以上的文章就更少見(jiàn)了。今年第一次提出了“14分以上謹(jǐn)慎”的指導(dǎo)原則,因此這次大作文的平均分可能會(huì)偏低。當(dāng)然這也與今年題目抽象度較高有關(guān)——雖然主題的界定比較寬,但要深入淺出,頗為不易。高速批改的閱卷者的心態(tài)變得更加微妙,可能變得更激進(jìn),更易由較少甚至單獨(dú)的例證來(lái)作出判斷,所以大家應(yīng)該盡量減少無(wú)法容忍的錯(cuò)誤。

              今年答題卡的版式設(shè)計(jì)與去年完全一致,所以請(qǐng)大家好好看看我去年的心得。請(qǐng)大家最好將小作文寫(xiě)滿12行,大作文至少寫(xiě)16行,要得高分至少要寫(xiě)18行。

              其他一些具體的建議:態(tài)度要認(rèn)真,字要寫(xiě)得盡量干凈整齊;把作文寫(xiě)在規(guī)定的位置上,在兩篇作文中均不要以標(biāo)1、2、3的方式分點(diǎn)闡述,而是借助連接詞等手段;不要將關(guān)鍵詞寫(xiě)錯(cuò),如有一個(gè)考生從題目到全篇都將confidence寫(xiě)作了evidence,這就很可惜;最好使用水筆,忌用鉛筆,不宜用圓珠筆,使用鋼筆要避免墨跡;不要空行、隔行寫(xiě)字,一定要按格子來(lái)寫(xiě);不會(huì)寫(xiě)的詞應(yīng)該換個(gè)同義或近義詞,一定要避免空著或?qū)憹h語(yǔ)。

              隨著這本小冊(cè)子的再版,同學(xué)們的電話、短信與郵件紛至沓來(lái),有時(shí)在食堂吃工作餐也有沒(méi)教過(guò)的學(xué)生跑來(lái)請(qǐng)教——多是關(guān)于寫(xiě)作的捷徑。今天我不想談寫(xiě)作,而想談?wù)劥T士論文。寫(xiě)出一篇碩士論文的最好辦法是從第一學(xué)期的課程中的某章某節(jié)最令你癡迷的一個(gè)微觀的小問(wèn)題開(kāi)始,不斷地搜集資料、閱讀、思考、記錄下心得……之后你就走上了奇妙的旅程,你不會(huì)覺(jué)得辛苦,也不會(huì)再對(duì)寫(xiě)作感到手足無(wú)措。歡迎大家與我交流,祝大家成功!

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            任汝芬老師
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