(九)

　　1. Other fields of study also contribute to this knowledge: Psychology and ethics try to explain how objectives are formed, history records changes in human objectives, and sociology interprets human behavior in social contexts.

　　參考譯文：其他領(lǐng)域的研究也有助于對(duì)此的理解：心理學(xué)和倫理學(xué)試圖解釋目標(biāo) 是如何形成的，歷史記錄著人們所追求的目標(biāo)的變化，社會(huì)學(xué)則從社會(huì)環(huán)境的 角度來(lái)解釋人們的行為。

　　2. The first, price theory or microeconomics, explains how the interplay of supply and demand in competitive markets creates a multitude of individual prices, wage rates, profit margins, and rental changes.

　　參考譯文：第一個(gè)領(lǐng)域，價(jià)格理論或微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，解釋在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的市場(chǎng)中供需間的 相互作用是怎樣導(dǎo)致了大量的個(gè)別價(jià)格、工資率、利潤(rùn)空間和租金的變化。

　　3. Because, according to Keynes, inadequate total demand increases unemployment, the indicated cure is either more investment by businesses or more spending and consequently larger budget deficits by government.

　　參考譯文：因?yàn)椋�按照凱恩斯的理論，不充分的總體需求會(huì)增加失業(yè)，建議的解 決方式是企業(yè)擴(kuò)大投資或政府增加開支，繼而增加預(yù)算赤字。

　　(十)

　　1. In the 1880s the United States was a land sharply divided between the immensely wealthy and the very poor.

　　參考譯文：十九世紀(jì)八十年代的美國(guó)是一個(gè)貧富分化極為分明的國(guó)家。

　　2. We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome.

　　參考譯文：給我們留下極深印象的事實(shí)是：即使那些沒(méi)有被告知嚴(yán)重病情的病人，對(duì)其 疾病的潛在后果也是非常清楚的。

　　3. Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another.

　　參考譯文：即使是很老到的作家也很可能不能描述出區(qū)分人臉的全部特征。

　　(十一)

　　1. Long after the 1998 world cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing(裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team.

　　參考譯文：1988年世界杯足球賽早已塵埃落定,但失望的球迷們?nèi)栽谪?zé)罵那些頗有爭(zhēng)議 的判罰,聲稱正是那些判罰使他們的球隊(duì)沒(méi)能獲勝。

　　2. But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.

　　參考譯文：但是窮人們?cè)跊](méi)有政府救濟(jì)的情況下，生活照樣過(guò)得很好，對(duì)很多人來(lái)說(shuō)， 這一事實(shí)本身就是一個(gè)巨大的勝利。

　　3. During the Middle Ages the economic ideas of the Roman Catholic church were expressed in the law of the church, which condemned the taking of interest for money loaned and regarded commerce as inferior to agriculture.

　　參考譯文：在中世紀(jì)，羅馬天主教會(huì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)思想表達(dá)在其教法中，教法譴責(zé)從 借貸中獲利的行為，并認(rèn)為商業(yè)地位劣于農(nóng)業(yè)。