Passage Three
Emotion is a feeling about or reaction to certain important events or thoughts. People enjoy feeling such pleasant emotions as love, happiness, and contentment. They often try to avoid feeling unpleasant emotions, such as loneliness, worry, and grief.
Individuals communicate most of their emotions by means of words, a variety of sounds, facial expressions, and gestures. For example, anger causes many people to frown, make a fist, and yell. People learn ways of showing some of their emotions from members of their society, though heredity (遺傳) may determine some emotional behavior. Research has shown that different isolated peoples show emotions by means of similar facial expressions.
Charles Darwin, famous for the theory of natural selection, also studied emotion. Darwin said in 1872 that emotional behavior originally served both as an aid to survival and as a method of communicating intentions. According to the James-Lange theory of emotions developed in the 1880s, people feel emotions 0nly if aware of their own internal physical reactions to events, such as increased heart rate or blood pressure. But this theory was not upheld:by research on cats that had their nervous system damaged. The cats could not feel their body's internal changes, but they showed normal emotional behavior. John B. Watson, an American psychologist who helped found the school of
psychology called behaviorism, observed that babies stimulated by certain events showed three basic emotions - fear, anger, and love. Watson's view has been challenged frequently since he proposed it in 1919.
The most widely accepted view is that emotions occur as a complex sequence of events. The sequence begins when a persOn encounters an important event or thought. The person's interpretation of the encounter determines the feeling that is likely to follow. For example, someone who encounters a bear in the woods would probably interpret the event as dangerous. The sense of danger would cause the individual to feel fear. Each feeling is followed by physical changes and desires to take action, which are responses to the event that started the sequence. Thus, a person who met a bear would probably run away. Several American psychologists independently developed the theory that there are eight basic emotions. These emotions - which can exist at various levels ofin'fensity - are anger, fear, joy, sadness, acceptance, disgust, surprise, and interest or curiosity. They combine to form all other emotions, just as certain basic colors produce all others.
41. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that those who are born blind
A. have emotions different from those of sighted persons
B. depend only on words to express their feelings
C. have some facial expressions like those of sighted persons
D. seldom communicate with other people by means of gestures
42. The James-Lange theory of emotions
A. overlooked internal physical reactions
B. faced a challenge from counter evidence
C. exaggerated the function of stimulating events
D. offered a narrow interpretation of emotions
43. In the sequence of events for emotions to occur, which is next to the encounter of an important event?
A, Interpretation made. B. Responses produced.
C. Feeling stimulated. D. Action taken.
44. Emotions are compared to colors because
A. they are classified in a similar way
B. they have the same influence on people's life
C. both of them may take on different forms
D. both of them may have basic elements mixed in them
45. The main purpose of this writingis to
A. arouse readers' interest in emotional behaviors
B. help readers enjoy pleasant emotions
C. outline the development of theories about emotions
D. analyze various emotions and physical changes
Passage Four
When foreigners are sometimes asked what seems most strange about American society, somewhere on the top of the list will be the fact that the average citizen is allowed to possess guns.
Although it is true that many people carry guns legally in the United States, it is also known that many who possess guns Carry them illegally. Others, who don't have guns, feel that guns can be acquired quite easily. A recent survey indicated that many high school students, especially in the inner cities, can acquire a gun with little difficulty.
Although most people would never want to own a gun, others have taken up hunting as a sport and enjoy hunting wild game in scion. Hunting for deer and duck in fall and winter is very much a part of the American culture.
Also, some farmers in rural areas who raise cattle and sheep feel they need to protect their animals against wolves that attack their herds and flocks at night. To defend and support their rights to possess firearms the National Rifle Association (NRA) was founded in 1871. The main importance of this organization has been its efforts to prevent strict gun control legislation. The NRA has great political support in small towns and rural areas, especially in the West and the South, where hunting is especially popular. Those who favor the fight to possess guns insist that the Constitution provides the right of people "to keep and bear arms." They believe that gun control laws will not solve the problem of crime and violence in America.
Recent events in America; however; have ~shown that the question of gun possession is now out of control and strong voices have called for immediate action to be taken. In seemingly peaceful schools students have gone into classrooms and opened fire upon their classmates. America has been shocked by such incidents which seem to occur with greater frequency. The periodic deaths of innocent citizens and even foreign visitors from guns have forced legislators to pass laws to stop these senseless killings.
The day may not be far off when America will be transformed from a gun culture to one which controls their use and possession.
46. What is most unusual about American society?
A. Ordinary people can possess guns legally.
B. Many Americans acquire guns illegally.
C. The average citizen does not try to possess guns.
D. Many school children carry guns legally.
47. Some Americans defend their possession of guns by arguing that
A. deer and duck reproduce too quickly in the country
B. herds and flocks bother farmers at night
C. hunting is part of the American way of life
D. wolves threaten people's lives in rural areas
48. The National Rifle Association was established to
A. help strengthen gun control laws
B. unite people who possess guns
C. defend Americans' right to possess guns
D. solve the problem of crime and violence
49. Gun possession has become a hot issue in the US because it is
A. gathering political support
B. becoming increasingly restricted
C. threatening endangered species
D. causing serious problems
50. The author'sattitude towards the US gun culture is
A. positive B. negative
C. indifferent D. neutral
Part IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)
Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.
One of the most convenient and cheapest ways to see America is by riding a Greyhound bus. This interstate bus system connects all major cities in the United States, 51 people with frequent and convenient service. The bus system even has an international service 52 makes connection with cities in Canada and Mexico.
Its network even extends to some of the smaller towns and out-of-the-way communities 53 the great interior of the country. Traveling by bus may 54 longer than flying by plane, but the terminals are located in the center of mostcities and there is 55 to the downtown area.
These buses are comfortable and air-conditioned. They are all equipped with toilets in the rear to 56 the convenience of the passengers, but there are some very severe 57 of conduct which are strictly enforced. On all buses 58 is forbidden and the consumption of alcoholic drinks is not allowed. 59 bus travel may not be suited to everyone's taste, it affords budget travelers the 60 to see America in comfort and safety and at a leisurely unhurried pace.
51. A. providing B. giving C. offering D. favoring
52. A. which B. what C. who D. such
53. A. for B. along C. from D. in
54. A. spend B. use C. take D. consume
55. A. fast way B. easy access C. short path D. direct approach
56. A. keep up B. result in C. look after D. add to
57. A. rules B. terms C. clauses D. points
58. A. to smoke B. smoking C. smoke D. smoker
59. A. As B. Whether C. Although D. However
60. A. chance B. money C. time D. occasion
英語試卷二
Part V Translation (30 minutes，10 points)
Part VI Writing (30 minutes，15 points)
on the ANSWER SHEET.
Getting a proper amount of rest is absolutely essential for building your energy resources. If you frequently work far into the night or have a poor sleep, it stands to reason that you may start to feel a little run down. Though everybody is different, most people need at least seven to eight hours of sleep per night in order to function at their
best.
If you have been lacking energy, try going to bed earlier at night. If you can wake up feeling well-rested, it will be an indication that you are starting to get an appropriate amount of sleep at night. If you sleep more than eight hours every night but still don't feel energetic, you may actually be getting too much sleep.
Once in a while, you are bound to have nights where you don't get an adequate amount of sleep. When your schedule permits you can also consider taking a short sleep during the day, for sometimes taking a nap is the perfect way to recharge-your batteries.
Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)
Directions: You are to write in no less than 120 words on the topic "Entering College: Help the Needy Youngsters to Achieve Their Dreams". Your composition should be based on the Chinese clues given below.
中央電視臺(tái)“圓夢行動(dòng)”的公益節(jié)目旨在動(dòng)員社會(huì)力量捐助貧困學(xué)子圓大學(xué)之夢。你的作文可以：
1)對貧困學(xué)子是否應(yīng)受到捐助發(fā)表你的看法；或者
2)舉一個(gè)貧困學(xué)子需要幫助的例子。
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