People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a problem.

　　First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam's bicycle is broken, and he cannot read it to class as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.

　　Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle. he must find the reason why it does not work. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific.

　　Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. For instance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time. he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully. after studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.

　　Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum(口香糖)between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes the solution to his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.

　　Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. In short, he has solved the problem.

　　1. What is the best title for this passage?

　　A) Six Stages for Repairing Sam's Bicycle

　　B) Possible Ways to Problem-solving

　　C) Necessities of Problem Analysis

　　D) Suggestions for Analyzing a Problem

　　2. In analyzing a problem we should do all the following except　　　　　　.

　　A) recognize and define the problem

　　B) look for information to make the problem clearer

　　C) have suggestions for a possible solution

　　D) find a solution by trial or mistake

　　3. By referring to Sam's broken bicycle, the author intends to　　　.

　　A) illustrate the ways to repair his bicycle

　　B) discuss the problems of his bicycle

　　C) tell us how to solve a problem

　　D) show us how to analyses a problem

　　4. Which of the following is NOT true?

　　A) People do not analyze the problem they meet.

　　B) People often accept the opinions or ideas of other people.

　　C) People may learn from their past experience

　　D) People can not solve some problems they meet.

　　5. As used in the last sentence, the phrase in short means　　　　.

　　A) in the long run

　　B) in detail

　　C) in a word

　　D) in the end

　　Passage 9   答案

　　1.B　2.D　3.C　4.A　5.C

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