Section ⅠUse of English

　　參考譯文

　　任何人在銀行開(kāi)一個(gè)活期賬戶時(shí)，他就是把錢借給銀行。他可以隨時(shí)提取這筆錢，提取的方式可以是現(xiàn)金，也可以是為他人開(kāi)一張支票。銀行與儲(chǔ)戶之間的關(guān)系主要是債務(wù)人與債權(quán)人之間的關(guān)系;誰(shuí)是債務(wù)人誰(shuí)是債權(quán)人取決于儲(chǔ)戶的賬上是透支還是結(jié)余。但是，除了那種基本的簡(jiǎn)單的概念以外，銀行與儲(chǔ)戶相互之間還承擔(dān)許多義務(wù)。這些義務(wù)中的許多義務(wù)會(huì)引起很多問(wèn)題和糾紛，但是銀行儲(chǔ)戶譬如說(shuō)不像貨物的買主，他不能投訴說(shuō)法律對(duì)他不利。

　　銀行必須遵守它的客戶的指令，而不是任何別人的指令。例如，當(dāng)儲(chǔ)戶開(kāi)一個(gè)賬戶時(shí)，他指示銀行只有憑他開(kāi)的支票才能支取他的存款。他給銀行留下他簽名的樣本，并且有一條非常嚴(yán)格的規(guī)則，即銀行沒(méi)有任何權(quán)力把儲(chǔ)戶的錢付給一張冒名頂替的支票。即使偽造得非常巧妙，那也無(wú)濟(jì)于事，因?yàn)殂y行必須辨認(rèn)出它的儲(chǔ)戶的簽名。為此銀行采用把儲(chǔ)戶的姓名印在支票上的做法，這樣，對(duì)客戶就不存在任何風(fēng)險(xiǎn)了。如果這樣做仍然使偽造得逞，那承擔(dān)損失的將是銀行，而不應(yīng)是儲(chǔ)戶。

　　1. [答案] [C] demand

　　[注釋] 詞義搭配。demand the repayment of the money提取錢。 acquire vt. 獲得; deposit vt. 將(錢)存入銀行;derive vt. 得到，獲取。例如：derive great pleasure from one�餾 studies(從學(xué)習(xí)中得到很大樂(lè)趣)。

　　2. [答案] [D] in

　　[注釋] 慣用搭配。in cash以現(xiàn)金方式。

　　3. [答案] [B] Primarily

　　[注釋] 邏輯搭配。primarily主要地;however然而;moreover此外;presumably推測(cè)起來(lái)，大概。

　　4. [答案] [A] which

　　[注釋] 邏輯搭配。 who is which depending on... 誰(shuí)是債務(wù)人，誰(shuí)是債權(quán)人取決于…。

　　5. [答案] [C] in

　　[注釋] 慣用搭配。be in credit 有結(jié)余;buy on credit賒購(gòu)。

　　6. [答案] [D] addition

　　[注釋] 邏輯慣用搭配。in addition to除…以外。in support of支持;in contrast to與…相對(duì)照;in regard to關(guān)于，在…上。例如：I have nothing to say in/with regard to your complaints.(對(duì)于你的投訴,我無(wú)可奉告)。

　　7. [答案] [A] owe

　　[注釋] 詞義搭配。owe obligations to sb. 向某人承擔(dān)義務(wù); commit oneself to doing sth.使自己承擔(dān)做某事的任務(wù);attribute ... to把…歸因于; embark on著手，開(kāi)始從事,例如：embark on a new career(從事一項(xiàng)新的職業(yè)); embark on a long journey(開(kāi)始漫長(zhǎng)的旅行)。

　　8. [答案] [B] rise

　　[注釋] 慣用搭配。give rise to引起，產(chǎn)生,例如：His words gave rise to a considerable amount of speculation.(他的話引起了很多猜測(cè))。give purpose to使…有目的,例如：give purpose to one�餾 life(使某人的生活有目的)。give priority to優(yōu)先考慮,例如：We should give priority to the development of our reading skills. give thought to考慮…,例如：Have you given any thought to which university you would like to go to when you leave school?

　　9. [答案] [A] loaded

　　[注釋] 詞義慣用搭配。be loaded against... 對(duì)…不利,例如：The odds were loaded against him. (情況對(duì)他不利)。offend against...觸犯(法律等),例如：This verdict offends against one�餾 idea of justice.(這個(gè)裁決觸犯了人們的正義觀念)。

　　discriminate against歧視,例如：The law does not discriminate against any race, creed or color.(法律并不歧視任何種族、信條或膚色)。

　　direct... against使…針對(duì)…,例如：His remark directs its blows mainly to the working people.(他的話主要打擊了勞動(dòng)人民)。

　　10. [答案] [C] obey

　　[注釋] 詞義結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。obey one�餾 instructions服從某人的指令。conform to符合,遵守，例如：All students must conform to the rules.(全體學(xué)生都必須遵守這些規(guī)則)。 conform with符合，例如：The design conforms with the regulations.

　　注意：conform to較常用;只偶爾用conform with。comply with照…辦;遵守，例如：1) People who refuse to comply with the law will be punished. 2) He knows the regulations, and if he refuses to comply with them he must take the consequences. abide by遵守，服從：1) We agreed to abide by your judgment. 2) She will abide by her promise. 3) abide by承受：You will have to abide by the consequences.

　　11. [答案] [D] When

　　[注釋] 邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　12. [答案] [A] respect

　　[注釋] 結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。in respect of...用來(lái)付…的錢(商業(yè)用語(yǔ)),例如： The company gave him $230 in respect of the work he has done.(公司給他230美元用來(lái)支付他的工錢)。in charge of... 負(fù)責(zé),例如： 1) (作表語(yǔ)) He will be in charge of the whole factory next week when the director is away.2) (作定語(yǔ)) The officer in charge requested Arthur to put on his outdoor clothes. in line with與…一致,符合,例如: 1) (作表語(yǔ)) Some of the recent actions of the government are not in line with the statement of policy in their election manifesto. (政府最近的一些行動(dòng)不符合他們?cè)诖筮x宣言中的政策聲明)。 2) (作狀語(yǔ)) In line with history and social evolution socialism is inevitable.(按照歷史和社會(huì)的發(fā)展，社會(huì)主義是必然的)。in place of ... 代替…,用…而不用…,例如：The Chinese use chopsticks in place of knives and forks. (中國(guó)人用筷子，而不用刀叉。)

　　13. [答案] [D] specimens

　　[注釋] 詞義搭配。 specimen樣本; specific細(xì)節(jié); sign跡象,符號(hào),牌;symbol象征。

　　14. [答案] [C] authority

　　[注釋] 詞義搭配。authority權(quán)力;reputation聲譽(yù); prestige聲望; impact影響。

　　15. [答案] [B] on

　　[注釋] 結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。on a cheque 憑支票;on表示原因或根據(jù)。

　　16. [答案] [C] forge

　　[注釋] 詞義搭配。 forge (= invent)偽造，如：He got the money dishonestly, by forging his brother�餾 signature on a check. forge的原意是“鍛造”，例如：The blacksmith forged the horseshoe with great skill.(這位鐵匠熟練地鍛造了這塊馬蹄鐵)。print vt. 印刷，出版，如：print books。confirm vt. 1)證實(shí)，肯定，確認(rèn)：The experiment confirmed his theory. 2)加強(qiáng)，堅(jiān)定(信念等): The latest information confirms my belief that he is to blame.(最新的信息堅(jiān)定了我的信念：他應(yīng)受責(zé)備)。 3)批準(zhǔn)，同意：The agency confirmed the contract.(這個(gè)機(jī)構(gòu)批準(zhǔn)了這個(gè)合同)。justify vt. 證明…是正確的，如：1) You will have to justify your work to others.(你得向其他人解釋你的工作是對(duì)的)。 2) The fact that he annoyed you does not justify your treating him in that way.(他觸怒你這一事實(shí)并不能證明你那樣對(duì)待他是正確的)。

　　17. [答案] [B] skillful

　　[注釋] 詞義搭配。skillful有技巧的,巧妙的; delicate精細(xì)的,纖細(xì)的;unique (同類中)獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。

　　18. [答案] [A] risk

　　[注釋] 詞義搭配。risk風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。risk可作及物動(dòng)詞用，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，例如：1) The brave man risked his life in trying to save the child. 2) He didn�餿 want to risk getting wet as he had only one suit. risk作名詞用時(shí)常用的詞組如下：1) at the risk of冒…的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)：At the risk of offending you, I must tell you that I disapprove of your behavior. 2) run (or take) a risk冒危險(xiǎn): You are running a big risk in trusting him. 3) at risk處于危險(xiǎn)中:The government�餾 income policy is seriously at risk.

　　19. [答案] [D] adopted

　　[注釋] 詞義搭配。adopt vt. 采用,采�。篧e must adopt strong measures against any environmental destruction.

　　20.[答案] [B] facilitates

　　[注釋] 詞義搭配。 facilitate vt. 使…方便,促使,例如：1) The broken lock facilitated my entrance into the empty room. 2) I decided to employ a secretary in order to facilitate the work. contribute to有助于,促使,例如：1) Plenty of fresh air contributes to good health. 2) Cigarette smoking is a major factor contributing to lung cancer. 3) Cars contribute air pollution in the city. result in導(dǎo)致; lead to導(dǎo)致。

　　小結(jié)

　　按大綱規(guī)定“英語(yǔ)知識(shí)應(yīng)用”，即完形填空，題材應(yīng)為一篇240～280字的短文。本文是254字，符合大綱要求。試題類型有邏輯搭配、詞義搭配、結(jié)構(gòu)搭配和慣用搭配，與2010年考題相一致。完形填空解題技巧是：把握主題、抓住上下文的邏輯聯(lián)系、分段解題、瞻前顧后、各個(gè)擊破，最后統(tǒng)觀全文、查錯(cuò)補(bǔ)漏。完形填空解題時(shí)間通常為15分鐘左右。千萬(wàn)不要超時(shí)，以免擠占后面各項(xiàng)的解題時(shí)間。

　　相關(guān)推薦：

　　2011考研《英語(yǔ)》沖刺模擬試題及答案匯總

　　考試吧考后首發(fā)2011年考研真題及答案通知

　　朱泰祺：2011年考研英語(yǔ)全真沖刺模擬試題(2)