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　　The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, editor-in-chief Marcia McNutt announced today. The policy follows similar efforts from other journals, after widespread concern that basic mistakes in data analysis are contributing to the irreproducibility of many published research findings.

　　“Readers must have confidence in the conclusions published in our journal,” writes McNutt in an editorial. Working with the American Statistical Association, the journal has appointed seven experts to a statistics board of reviewing editors(SBoRE). Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, or by its existing Board of Reviewing Editors or by outside peer reviewers. The SBoRE panel will then find external statisticians to review these manuscripts.

　　Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: “The creation of the ‘statistics board’ was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science’s overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”

　　Giovanni Parmigiani, a biostatistician at the Harvard School of Public Health, a member of the SBoRE group. He says he expects the board to “play primarily an advisory role.” He agreed to join because he “found the foresight behind the establishment of the SBoRE to be novel, unique and likely to have a lasting impact. This impact will not only be through the publications in Science itself, but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science.”

　　John Ioannidis, a physician who studies research methodology, says that the policy is “a most welcome step forward” and “l(fā)ong overdue.” “Most journals are weak in statistical review, and this damages the quality of what they publish. I think that, for the majority of scientific papers nowadays, statistical review is more essential than expert review,” he says. But he noted that biomedical journals such as Annals of Internal Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association and The Lancet pay strong attention to statistical review.

　　Professional scientists are expected to know how to analyze data, but statistical errors are alarmingly common in published research, according to David Vaux, a cell biologist. Researchers should improve their standards, he wrote in 2012, but journals should also take a tougher line, “engaging reviewers who are statistically literate and editors who can verify the process”. Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”.

　　31. It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that

　　[A] Science intends to simplify their peer-review process.

　　[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks.

　　[C] few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.

　　[D] lack of data analysis is common in research projects.

　　【答案】[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks

　　【解析】推理題。根據(jù)題干直接定位到第一段。解題關(guān)鍵在于第二句The policy follows similar efforts from other journals(該政策得到其他期刊類(lèi)似的努力)the policy指第一句The journal Science is adding an extra round of statistical checks to its peer-review process, (《科學(xué)》雜志把統(tǒng)計(jì)檢查額外添加到它的同行評(píng)審過(guò)程中)，由此可直接推斷出正確答案為[B] journals are strengthening their statistical checks (各大期刊正在加強(qiáng)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字檢查)。選項(xiàng)[A]中simplify與原文語(yǔ)意不符，所以選項(xiàng)C、D屬于無(wú)中生有。

　　32. The phrase “flagged up” (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to

　　[A] found.

　　[B] marked.

　　[C] revised.

　　[D] stored.

　　【答案】[C] marked

　　【解析】詞義題。根據(jù)題干定位回第二段第三句Manuscript will be flagged up for additional scrutiny by the journal’s internal editors, (雜志內(nèi)部編輯將通過(guò)更多的審查來(lái)標(biāo)記手稿)。文中運(yùn)用代入法，把各選項(xiàng)代入句中替換，可知選項(xiàng)C marked(標(biāo)記)為正確答案。選項(xiàng)A found(發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到)，選項(xiàng)B revised(修改)，選項(xiàng) D stored(存儲(chǔ))。

　　33. Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may

　　[A] pose a threat to all its peers.

　　[B] meet with strong opposition.

　　[C] increase Science’s circulation.

　　[D]set an example for other journals.

　　【答案】[D] set an example for other journals

　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Giovanni Parmigiani，the establishment of the SBoRE和may定位到第四段的最后一句“… but hopefully through a larger group of publishing places that may want to model their approach after Science。選項(xiàng)中的example是model的同義替換，others journals是原文中a larger group of publishing places的同義替換。

　　文章中出現(xiàn)了hopefully，表示作者積極的態(tài)度。選項(xiàng)A中的threat，選項(xiàng)B中的opposition分別表達(dá)負(fù)向消極的態(tài)度，所以錯(cuò)誤。選項(xiàng)C increase Science’s circulation(增加《科學(xué)》雜志的發(fā)行量)，文章并未提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。

　　34. David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now

　　[A] adds to researchers’ workload.

　　[B] diminishes the role of reviewers.

　　[C] has room for further improvement.

　　[D]is to fail in the foreseeable future

　　【答案】[C] has room for further improvement

　　【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞David Vaux和Science，可定位到第六段最后一句。Vaux says that Science’s idea to pass some papers to statisticians “has some merit, but a weakness is that it relies on the board of reviewing editors to identify ‘the papers that need scrutiny’ in the first place”. (《科學(xué)》雜志把論文推給統(tǒng)計(jì)員審核有一些優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但缺點(diǎn)是它依賴(lài)于審稿編委會(huì)首先需要確定審查的文件。)

　　選項(xiàng)A中workload，選項(xiàng)B. diminish the role of reviewers和選項(xiàng)D中的foreseeable future沒(méi)有提到，屬于無(wú)中生有。

　　35. Which of the following is the best title of the text?

　　[A] Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in Papers.

　　[B] Professional Statisticians Deserve More Respect

　　[C] Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors’ Desks

　　[D] Statisticians Are Coming Back with Science

　　【答案】A science joins push to screen statistics in papers

　　【解析】文章第一段由Science將增加statistical checks引出話(huà)題，接下來(lái)各段就此問(wèn)題McNutt, Giovanni Parmigianni, John Ioannidis, David Vaux提出各自的看法。文中statistical，papers反復(fù)提及，可知該詞是文中核心詞。選項(xiàng)B和選項(xiàng)D首先排除，偏離主題，statisticians僅在文中提及，非重點(diǎn)討論內(nèi)容;選項(xiàng)C與文中主題相差較大，因此排除。

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