內(nèi)容提要

　　代詞分人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞和連接代詞，它們在句子中承擔(dān)不同的功用。

　　人稱代詞

　　一、主格人稱代詞有I，we，you，he，she，they，it，主格人稱代詞就是在句中充當(dāng)主語和表語的代詞。

　　二、賓格人稱代詞有me，us，you，him，her，them，it，賓格人稱代詞即在句中充當(dāng)賓語(含介詞賓語)的代詞。

　　三、同步練習(xí)

　　1)Archibald Motley's artistic talent [A] was apparent [B] by the time him [C] enrolled [D] in high school.

　　2)Legends often contain an element [A] of fact，but [B] sometimes it is [C] totally [D] untrue.

　　3)Unlike [A] road vehicles，Hovercrafts have no physical [B] contact with the surface over which [C] them [D] travel.

　　4)Let you and I [A] promise that we shall always [B] dare to do [C] what is [D] right.

　　5)Most of we [A] know that conductors direct their orchestras with a baton，but how many [B] are aware that [C] they also direct with their faces，hands [D] ，and shoulders?

　　四、例題解析

　　1)C錯。him是賓格，而此處卻需要作主語的人稱代詞，故應(yīng)將him改為主格he。

　　2)C錯。 改為they are。C處代替的是“Legends”而不是“an element”。

　　3)D錯。them也是賓格，應(yīng)改用主格they，作定語從句中的主語，謂語為travel。

　　4)A錯。改為me。

　　5)A錯。改為賓格us，因為前面是介詞of，us作其賓語，故用賓格。

　　物主代詞

　　一、表示人的物主代詞用my，our，your，his，her和their，指無生命的東西用its(但指國家時一般用she或her)，它們在句中作定語

　　二、名詞型物主代詞能作表語(It's theirs)、主語(Mine is there)、賓語(I don't like hers)，與of連用可以作定語(the food of theirs)。

　　三、同步練習(xí)

　　1)A scientist bases its [A] work on hypotheses that [B] have been checked [C] through careful [D] experimentation.

　　2)Crude rubber is an [A] elastic(有彈性的)solid with a specific gravity of 0.911 and a refractive index(折射率)of 1.591，though it [B] composition varies with different latexes(橡漿)as well as [C] with the way it is prepared [D] at the plantation.

　　3)Manufacturers [A] of consumer goods [B] often change [C] the styles of them [D] products.

　　四、例題解析

　　1)A錯。改為his.

　　2)B錯。改為its.

　　3)D錯。改為their.

　　反身代詞

　　一、反身代詞有myself，ourselves，yourselves，himself，herself，themselves，itself.主語與賓語為同一人或物時，要用反身代詞(否則就不能用反身代詞)，反身代詞也可放在名詞或代詞(主格)后面(也可放在句尾)起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用。

　　1)All [A] the scouts(童子軍)got theirselves [B] ready for the [C] long camping trip by spending their weekends living [D] in the open.

　　2)Various [A] animals have shells that keep themselves [B] from growing beyond [C] a certain [D] size.

　　3)Benjamin Banneker's aptitude [A] in mathematics [B] and knowledge of astronomy enabled himself [C] to predict the solar [D] eclipse of 1789.

　　4)The president announced that he himself [A] would act upon [B] the evidence as presented [C] to himself [D] by the congressional committee.

　　5)Garrett [A] Morgan died in Cleveland，Ohio，the city that [A] had awarded himself [B] a gold medal for his devotion [C] to public [D] safety.

　　6)Plants rid them [A] of excess water through [B] transpiration，the evaporation of extra [C] moisture from their [D] leaves.

　　7)When Jonathan went [A] to Spain with his [B] sister，he bought a [C] leather coat for her and another for him [D] .

　　二、例題解析

　　1)B錯。改為themselves.

　　2)B錯。B處明顯指代animals，而它前面的主語that卻指代shells，也就是說“that”和“themselves”指的不是同一事物。由于主語與賓語不是同一物，故不能用反身代詞，應(yīng)改為賓格them。

　　3)C錯。本句的主語為aptitude，而非Benjamin Banneker(在這里它作aptitude的定語)，而C處的代詞卻指上文提到的人名“Benjamin Banneker”，由于主語與賓語并非指同一人，故不能用反身代詞，應(yīng)改用賓格him。

　　4)D錯。改為to him.動詞“presented”的(邏輯)主語是“evidence”，而不是A處的“he，”所以D“himself”處與C處“presented”的主語“evidence”不一致，所以不能用反身代詞。

　　5)B錯。改為him.同上。

　　6)A錯。此處的them指主語plants，rid是及物動詞，由于主語與賓語指同一物，故應(yīng)使用反身代詞themselves。

　　7)D錯。 改為for himself。

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