[NextPage2007年新東方大學(xué)英語六級講義(翻譯部分)1]

　　六級漢譯英講義

　　一、漢譯英應(yīng)試原則和基本程序

　　(一)漢譯英應(yīng)試原則

　　手法靈活(如遇難譯之處，換用其它相近說法表達(dá))

　　語法正確(避免時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)等語法錯(cuò)誤)

　　內(nèi)容忠實(shí)(必須把原文的內(nèi)容準(zhǔn)確而完整地表達(dá)出來，不得有任何歪曲、遺漏或增刪)

　　語言閃光(譯文符合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣，且用詞準(zhǔn)確、多樣)

　　(二)漢譯英基本程序

　　1.理解 通讀并透徹理解原文含義

　　2.翻譯 確定譯文句子的時(shí)態(tài)、句型、結(jié)構(gòu)和用詞

　　3.審校 首先檢查譯文是否正確地轉(zhuǎn)述了原文內(nèi)容，是否有錯(cuò)譯和漏譯;其次，檢查是否有語言上的明顯錯(cuò)誤，如時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、單復(fù)數(shù)、拼寫、大小寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)等。發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，及時(shí)改正。

　　二、漢譯英專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

　　一、倍數(shù)增減的表示法

　　1) Force N1 _______________(比力N2大2.5倍).

　　2) This substance _______________(反應(yīng)速度是另外那種物質(zhì)的三倍).

　　3) The earth _______________(是月球大小的49倍).

　　4) The landlord _______________(想將租金提高三分之一).

　　5) They _______________(計(jì)劃將投資增加一倍).

　　二、時(shí)態(tài)

　　1) Be quick, _______________(否則等我們到達(dá)教

結(jié)束了).

　　2) When she got home, _______________(孩子們已經(jīng)睡著了).

　　3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _______________(我姐姐將在海邊度假).

　　4) I_______________(一上午都在修改我的簡歷).

　　5) Do you often go on holiday? _______________(不，我已經(jīng)有五年沒有度假了).

　　6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _______________(他參軍已五年了).

　　三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)

　　1) The blackboard and chalk _______________(正在被電腦和投影機(jī)所取代).

　　2) The book _______________(到今年年底就將已出版).

　　3) Computer models _______________(可以用來演示細(xì)胞工作的方式).

　　4) When the bill of fare was brought, _______________(我驚呆了，價(jià)格大大超出了我的預(yù)料).

　　5) _______________(必須立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.

　　四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

　　1) The phone is ringing, _______________(但是沒人接聽。她一定不在家).

　　2) I can’t find my sunglasses. _______________(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了).

　　3) You screamed in your sleep last night. _______________(你一定夢見什么可怕的東西了).

　　4) It’s a pity. _______________(你本應(yīng)該邀請她來參加你的畢業(yè)典禮的).

　　5) _______________(其實(shí)我沒必要穿上我最好的套裝去參加那次聚會(huì)的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters.

　　五、虛擬語氣

　　1) I wish _______________(我年輕的時(shí)候有你們這樣的機(jī)會(huì)).

　　2) If only _______________(他知道這病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.

　　3) —— Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?

　　—— I’d rather he _______________(漆成藍(lán)色的，而且不帶任何裝飾).

　　4) It’s high time that _______________(采取措施解決交通堵塞的問題).

　　5) Hugh usually talks _______________(仿佛在大會(huì)上發(fā)表演說似的).

　　6) We insist that _______________(讓杰克立刻進(jìn)醫(yī)院).

　　7) It was advised that _______________(在居民區(qū)設(shè)立更多的流動(dòng)商店).

　　8) His proposal was that _______________(他們成立一個(gè)專門委員會(huì)來檢查這個(gè)問題).

　　9) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _______________(取消期中考試).

　　10) It is ridiculous that _______________(我們在一個(gè)總是下雨的國家還缺水).

　　11) It is essential that _______________(每個(gè)人都為緊急情況做好準(zhǔn)備).

　　12) _______________(如果他按照我告訴他的辦法訂票), we would have had quite a comfortable journey.

　　13) I was to have made a speech _______________(要不是有人把我的話打斷了).

　　14) It didn’t rain last night. _______________(要是下了，地就會(huì)濕的).

　　15) _______________(如果我一直住在紐約), I would know the U.S. well now.

　　16) If the doctor had not come in time, _______________(他現(xiàn)在就不在人間了).

　　17) But for his help, _______________(我們就不會(huì)以這么低的價(jià)格租到房子了).

　　18) I used my calculator; _______________(否則，我會(huì)花更長的時(shí)間才能算出這道題).

　　19) Were I in your place, _______________(我會(huì)毫不猶豫地抓住機(jī)會(huì)).

　　20) Had it not been for their opposition, _______________(這項(xiàng)法案早就通過了).

　　21) Should there be another world war, _______________(人類的繼續(xù)存在就會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)).

　　22) He walked lightly _______________(以免驚醒嬰兒).

　　六、不定式

　　1) It was a great achievement _______________(10個(gè)月建成一棟24層的樓).

　　2) It is necessary _______________(我們在考試前好好地睡一晚上覺).

　　3) It is generous _______________(你把這么多錢捐給災(zāi)區(qū)人民).

　　4) The teacher decided _______________(不懲罰那些上課遲到的學(xué)生).

　　5) Mr. Green was wondering _______________ (是否去看望在法國的兒子).

　　6) The gardener _______________(剛才警告我不要在中午給花澆水).

　　7) We _______________(請他給我們做有關(guān)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)的講座).

　　8) He feels it challenging _______________(在這么大一所大學(xué)做學(xué)生會(huì)主席).

　　9) We hope to have more opportunities _______________(把我們在課堂上學(xué)到的東西應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐).

　　10) The bad weather _______________(破壞了我們在露天放電影的計(jì)劃).

　　11) The environmentalists are against _______________(在郊區(qū)建一座核電站的決定).

　　12) Sally Ride was the first _______________(探索外部空間的美國婦女).

　　13) They lifted a rock _______________(結(jié)果砸了自己的腳).

　　14) He was surprised _______________(在這個(gè)山村遇見一個(gè)中學(xué)同學(xué)).

　　15) I am sorry _______________(占用了您這么多時(shí)間).

　　16) I happened _______________(在他沖進(jìn)來的時(shí)候站在門口).

　　17) She doesn’t like _______________(被當(dāng)作客人).

　　18) If you want to save money, you’d better _______________(到校園書店買舊書).

　　19) We did nothing _______________(除了整天打橋牌).

　　20) We were made _______________(進(jìn)屋之前在墊子上擦擦腳).

　　七、分詞

　　1) This is the first time that I heard _______________(用意大利語唱“祝你生日快樂”).

　　2) The cars _______________(停在消防通道的) will be ticketed.

　　3) The war went on for years, _______________(奪去了成千上萬人的生命).

　　4) The farmers used a new insecticide, thus _______________(將平均產(chǎn)量提高了15%).

　　5) Einstein watched the toy in delight, _______________(想推導(dǎo)出它的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)原理).

　　6) _______________(看到大家都在聚精會(huì)神地看書), we stopped talking and began to study.

　　7) _______________(被這個(gè)男孩的事跡深深打動(dòng)了), they decided to pay for his education.

　　8) _______________(從一個(gè)年輕朋友的眼光來看), Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man.

　　9) _______________(好久沒有收到父母的來信了), he was worried about them.

　　八、動(dòng)名詞

　　1) _______________(每天洗冷水澡) does him a lot of good.

　　2) They tried to avoid _______________(讓女兒做她不喜歡的事情).

　　3) Developing varieties is the key to _______________(使我們的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入國際市場).

　　4) It is no use _______________(為灑了的牛奶而哭泣).

　　5) He denied_______________(偷看了同桌的試卷).

　　6) We congratulated her on _______________(被提升為經(jīng)理).

　　九、非謂語動(dòng)詞用法區(qū)別

　　1) Success means _______________(非常努力地工作).

　　2) John meant _______________(開車去那兒，但他的車出了故障).

　　3) I heard him _______________(在跟他的母親談話).

　　4) I heard him _______________(跟他的母親談了一個(gè)小時(shí)).

　　5) He jumped into the pool to save the child _______________(結(jié)果卻摔斷了自己的腿).

　　6) He jumped from the burning house, _______________(摔斷了雙腿).

　　7) He was happy _______________(看到父母很健康).

　　8) _______________(看到父母安然無恙), he issued a sigh of relief.

　　9) _______________(跟隨著它的腳印), the zoologists spotted the hungry panda.

　　10) The pop, _______________(后面跟著兩個(gè)保鏢), came to meet his fans.

　　十、名詞從句

　　1) _______________(他們?yōu)槭裁措x開家鄉(xiāng)去云南) is still a secret.

　　2) _______________(最讓我不解的) was that he spoke English so well.

　　3) _______________(這么做是故意的) became obvious.

　　4) It is not clear yet _______________(誰應(yīng)該為這件事負(fù)責(zé)).

　　5) It is none of your business _______________(瑪麗與誰訂婚).

　　6) Don’t put off till tomorrow _______________(今天能做的事).

　　7) This novel is just _______________(我一直在尋找的).

　　8) It is not yet known _______________(機(jī)器人是否有一天能擁有象人一樣的視力).

　　9) _______________(她是否喜歡那個(gè)禮物) is not clear to me.

　　10) My main problem right now is _______________(我是否應(yīng)該請求另一筆貸款).

　　11) It all depends on _______________(他們是否會(huì)支持我們).

　　12) You have yet to answer my question _______________(我是否可以指望你的投票).

　　13) Finally, the workers got an answer _______________(政府做不了什么事來提高他們工資).

　　14) Obviously, there was little certainty _______________(主席會(huì)同意他的提議).

　　十一、定語從句

　　1) Everyday many tourists come to visit _______________(魯迅出生的那棟房子).

　　2) The old lady died _______________(在她兒子到達(dá)的那天).

　　3) This is _______________(我贊成這一改革的理由).

　　4) Let ABC be _______________(一個(gè)三邊不等長的三角形).

　　5) Some of the roads were flooded, _______________(這使我們的旅程更為艱難).

　　6) He introduced me to his students, _______________(他們大部分是英語專業(yè)的學(xué)生).

　　7) _______________(眾所周知), water is a liquid.

　　十二、狀語從句

　　1) _______________(不管我們談?wù)撌裁?, Jim brings polities into the discussion.

　　2) _______________(不管哪一方獲勝), I shall be satisfied.

　　3) _______________(不管觀眾中的一些人如何使勁地難為他), the comedian always had a quick, sharp reply.

　　4) We climbed high _______________(這樣我們就可以看到更好的風(fēng)景).

　　5) The problem so very complicated _______________(花了我們兩個(gè)周才解決).

　　6) You can go out _______________(只要你答應(yīng)晚上11點(diǎn)以前回來).

　　7) I remember the whole thing _______________(仿佛是昨天發(fā)生的).

　　十三、比較級最高級

　　1) Does she dance _______________(跟她姐姐一樣地優(yōu)美)?

　　2) The buildings look _______________(在倫敦比在這兒難看得多).

　　3) This is _______________(他畫的最好的畫之一).

　　4) The higher you climb, _______________(空氣就越稀薄).

　　十四、倒裝句

　　1) Scarcely had she fallen asleep _______________(一陣敲門聲就把她吵醒).

　　2) No sooner had Anne arrived _______________(就生病了).

　　3) The husband was not hospitable to the visitor. _______________(他妻子也沒說一句歡迎的話).

　　4) Only then _______________(那個(gè)醫(yī)生才意識(shí)到他的病人需要手術(shù)).

　　5) Only when you adjust down your price _______________(我們才能做成這筆買賣).

　　十五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句

　　1) _______________(正是Jefferson寫下了)the Declaration of Independence.

　　2) _______________(作者是帶著真摯的情感)praises all that is progressive.

　　3) _______________(正是因?yàn)樗疂q了)we could not cross the river.

　　4) _______________(人們聽見正是Jim 這個(gè)無情的家伙) shouting at his mother in the dead of night.

　　5) _______________(直到我告訴她) Mrs. Williams knew anything about it.

[NextPage2007年新東方大學(xué)英語六級講義(翻譯部分)2]

　　三、漢譯英專項(xiàng)練習(xí)答案及解析

　　一、倍數(shù)增減的表示法

　　1) is 2.5 times greater than Force N2

　　(考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + 形容詞/副詞比較級 + than)

　　2) reacts three times as fast as the other one

　　(考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + as + 形容詞/副詞 + as)

　　3) is 49 times the size of the moon

　　(考點(diǎn)：倍數(shù) + 名詞)

　　4) wants to raise the rent by a third

　　(考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞 + by + 數(shù)詞/百分比/倍數(shù))

　　5) plan to double their investment

　　(考點(diǎn)：double + 名詞)

　　二、時(shí)態(tài)

　　1) or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church

　　(考點(diǎn)：將來完成時(shí))

　　2) the children had fallen asleep

　　(考點(diǎn)：過去完成時(shí))

　　3) my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside

　　(考點(diǎn)：將來進(jìn)行時(shí))

　　4) have been revising my resume all the morning

　　(考點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí))

　　5) No. It has been five years since I went on holiday

　　(考點(diǎn)：It has been … since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多長時(shí)間沒有做某事了)

　　6) He has been in the army for 5 years

　　(考點(diǎn)：1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);2.要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞才能接一段時(shí)間)

　　三、被動(dòng)語態(tài)

　　1) is being replaced by the computer and the projector

　　(考點(diǎn)：被動(dòng)語態(tài)的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))

　　2) will have been published by the end of this year

　　(考點(diǎn)：被動(dòng)語態(tài)的將來完成時(shí))

　　3) can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work

　　(考點(diǎn)：1. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞聯(lián)用; 2. 漢語有些沒有“被”字等標(biāo)志詞的句子也表示被動(dòng), 要譯成英語的被動(dòng)語態(tài))

　　4) I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated

　　(考點(diǎn)：同“3”的考點(diǎn)2)

　　5) Effective measures must be taken immediately

　　(考點(diǎn)：漢語的無主句通常翻譯成英語的被動(dòng)語態(tài))

　　四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

　　1) but there is no answer. She can’t be at home

　　(考點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以表示可能性，can’t 表示“一定不”)

　　2) I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday

　　(考點(diǎn)：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could, may/might, must + 完成式”用于表示對過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的主觀判斷)

　　3) You must have dreamed of something terrible

　　(考點(diǎn)：同上)

　　4) You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony

　　(考點(diǎn)：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should/ought to + have done” 用于評論過去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際并未做的動(dòng)作，含有批評的意思)

　　5) I needn’t have put on my best suit to go to the party

　　(考點(diǎn)：“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞needn’t + have + done”表示對過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行評論，認(rèn)為“無須發(fā)生”，“不必做”)

　　五、虛擬語氣

　　1) I had had your opportunities when I was young

　　(考點(diǎn)：I wish后的that從句中用過去完成式表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望)

　　2) he had known this disease is curable

　　(考點(diǎn)：If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句表示“但愿”或“要是……就好了”，用法與 I wish…基本相同)

　　3) painted it blue, and without any decorations

　　(考點(diǎn)：would rather 后的that從句中用過去式表示不是事實(shí))

　　4) measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams

　　(考點(diǎn)：It’s (about/high) time 后的that從句中用過去式，表示“該是……的時(shí)候了”)

　　5) as though he were delivering a speech at an assembly

　　(考點(diǎn)：as if / as though引導(dǎo)的從句中用過去式表示和現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有所懷疑)

　　6) Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now

　　(考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞所接的賓語從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式)

　　7) more mobile shops (should) be set up in the residential area

　　(考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞所接的主語從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式)

　　8) they (should) set up a special board/committee to examine this problem

　　(考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的名詞所接的表語從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式)

　　9) the mid-term exams (should) be canceled

　　(考點(diǎn)：表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的名詞所接的同位語從句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虛擬形式)

　　[表示“建議、命令、要求、想法”的動(dòng)詞及其名詞常見的有：advise (advice), agree (agreement), decide (decision), decree, demand, determine (determination), grant, indicate (indication), insist (insistence), order, prefer (preference), propose (proposal), request, require (requirement), resolve (resolution), stipulate (stipulation), suggest(suggestion), urge, vote;常見的這類動(dòng)詞還有：allow, arrange, ask, beg, concede, demonstrate, ensure, intend, move, pledge, pray等]

　　10) we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining

　　(考點(diǎn)：在It is/was +形容詞后的that從句中常用“sb. should do”的形式表示建議驚奇等。這類形容詞常見的有：advisable, anxious, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative, important, impossible, improper, natural, necessary, obligatory, preferable, proper, urgent, vital, willing等)

　　11) everyone (should) be prepared for emergency

　　(考點(diǎn)：同上)

　　12) If he had booked tickets in the way I told him

　　(考點(diǎn)：在非真實(shí)條件句中用過去完成式表示與過去的事實(shí)相反)

　　13) if I had not been interrupted

　　(考點(diǎn)：同上)

　　14) If it had rained, the ground would be wet

　　(考點(diǎn)：在非真實(shí)條件句中，當(dāng)主句與從句表示的動(dòng)作不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，就根據(jù)情況用適當(dāng)?shù)闹^語動(dòng)詞形式)

　　15) If I had been living in New York

　　(考點(diǎn)：同上)

　　16) he would be dead now

　　(考點(diǎn)：同上)

　　17) we could not have rent a house at such a low price

　　(考點(diǎn)：but for經(jīng)常作為非真實(shí)條件句中if的代用語)

　　18) otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this question

　　(考點(diǎn)：otherwise也經(jīng)常作為非真實(shí)條件句中if的代用語)

　　19) I would seize the opportunity without hesitation

　　(考點(diǎn)：在非真實(shí)條件句中如果有were, had, should這三個(gè)詞，可以省去if，采用主謂語倒裝的形式來表示條件)

　　20) this act would have been passed much earlier

　　(考點(diǎn)：同上)

　　21) the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy

　　(考點(diǎn)：同上)

　　22) lest he should awaken the baby

　　(考點(diǎn)：lest (以免)引導(dǎo)的從句通常用sb. should do的形式表示虛擬)

　　六、不定式

　　1) to complete a 24-story building in 10 months

　　(考點(diǎn)：不定式作主語時(shí)常用it作形式主語放在句首代替不定式，而將不定式移到謂語后面)

　　2) for us to have a good night’s sleep before the test

　　(考點(diǎn)：有時(shí)用“介詞for + 代詞/名詞”來表示不定式的邏輯主語，這時(shí)整句的謂語描述的對象是事情，這種情況下謂語中常用的形容詞有：necessary, important, possible, impossible, all right, essential等)

　　3) of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area

　　(考點(diǎn)：有時(shí)用“介詞of + 代詞/名詞”來表示不定式的邏輯主語，這時(shí)整句的謂語描述的對象是人，這種情況下謂語中常用的形容詞有：absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless, cowardly, cruel, foolish, generous, good, honest, kind, nice, polite, rude, selfish, silly, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong等)

　　4) not to punish those students who had been late for class

　　(考點(diǎn)：1. 用不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作decide的賓語;2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not)

　　(能帶不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞常見的有：afford, agree, ask, attempt, beg, begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, decide, demand, desire, dislike, endeavor, expect, fail, fear, forget, happen, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, love, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, remember, resolve, start, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, vow, want, wish)

　　5) whether to visit their son in France

　　(考點(diǎn)：“疑問詞+不定式”作動(dòng)詞wonder的賓語。能以這種結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語的動(dòng)詞通常有ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, forget, guess, know, learn, observe, remember, see, tell, understand, wonder等)

　　6) warned me just now not to water flowers at noon

　　(考點(diǎn)：不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語)

　　7) invited him to give us a lecture on modern art

　　(考點(diǎn)：同上)

　　(能帶不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞有advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, command, compel, enable, determine, encourage, expect, feel, find, force, get, hate, have, hear, help, inform invite, let, like, make, mean, need, notice, notify, oblige, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, require, see, send, teach, tell, tempt, trouble, urge, want, warn, watch, wish等。注：劃線的動(dòng)詞后面的不定式不帶to)

　　8) to be the chairman of students’ union in so large a university

　　(考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞 + it + 形容詞/名詞 + 不定式。it是形式賓語，不定式是真正賓語)

　　9) to apply what we have learned in class to practice

　　(考點(diǎn)：不定式作定語)

　　(不定式常用作以下名詞/代詞的定語：ability, ambition, anything, attempt, capability, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something, tendency, time, way, wish等)

　　10) ruined our plan to show the film in the open air

　　(考點(diǎn)：同上)

　　11) the decision to build a nuclear power station in the suburbs

　　(考點(diǎn)：同上)

　　12) American woman to explore the outer space

　　(考點(diǎn)：由only, last, next，序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞常用不定式作定語)

　　13) only to drop it on their own feet

　　(考點(diǎn)：不定式作結(jié)果狀語)

　　14) to meet a high school classmate in the mountain village

　　(考點(diǎn)：不定式作原因狀語)

　　15) to have taken up so much of your time

　　(考點(diǎn)：1. 不定式作原因狀語;2. 不定式的完成時(shí))

　　16) to be standing in the doorway when he rushed in

　　(考點(diǎn)：不定式的進(jìn)行式)

　　17) to be treated as a guest

　　(考點(diǎn)：不定式的被動(dòng)形式)

　　18) go to the campus bookstore to buy used books

　　(考點(diǎn)：不帶to的不定式)

　　19) but play bridge the whole day

　　(考點(diǎn)：同上)

　　20) to wipe our feet on the mat before going into the room

　　(考點(diǎn)：當(dāng)動(dòng)詞see, make, hear等用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不定式要保留to)

　　七、分詞

　　1) “Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian

　　(考點(diǎn)：分詞作賓語補(bǔ)語)

　　(catch, discover, feel, find, get, have, hear, keep, leave, make, notice, see, watch等動(dòng)詞常用分詞形式作賓語補(bǔ)語)

　　2) parked in the fire lane

　　(考點(diǎn)：分詞作定語)

　　3) killing thousands upon thousands of people

　　(考點(diǎn)：分詞作結(jié)果狀語)

　　4) raising the average yield by 15 percent

　　(考點(diǎn)：同上)

　　5) trying to deduce its operating principle

　　(考點(diǎn)：分詞作伴隨狀語)

　　6) Seeing that everyone was bending over his/her book

　　(考點(diǎn)：分詞作原因狀語)

　　7) Deeply moved by the boy’s deeds

　　(考點(diǎn)：同上)

　　8) Seen from the eyes of a young friend

　　(考點(diǎn)：分詞作方式狀語)

　　9) Not having heard from his parents for a long time

　　(考點(diǎn)：1. 分詞作原因狀語;2.分詞的否定形式;3.現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式)

　　八、動(dòng)名詞

　　1) Taking a cold bath every day

　　(考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞作主語)

　　2) making their daughter do what she didn’t like to do

　　(考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞作動(dòng)詞的賓語)

　　(下列動(dòng)詞后的賓語只能是動(dòng)名詞而不能是不定式：admit, advise, allow, anticipate, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny, dislike, dread, encourage, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, can’t help, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, propose, recall, recollect, resent, resist, risk, can’t stand, stop, suggest)

　　3) getting our goods into the international market

　　(考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞作介詞的賓語)

　　4) crying over spilled milk

　　(考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)。動(dòng)名詞經(jīng)常與以下詞組連用：be worth, have difficulty (in), it be no good/use/worthwhile, there be no need/no point in, how/what about, what’s the point of, what’s the use of)

　　5) having peeked at his neighbor’s test paper

　　(考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞的完成式)

　　6) being promoted to manager

　　(考點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式)

　　九、非謂語動(dòng)詞用法區(qū)別

　　1) working very hard.

　　(考點(diǎn)：mean表示“意味著”)

　　2) to drive there, but his car broke down

　　(考點(diǎn)：mean表示“打算”)

　　(類似需要區(qū)別的動(dòng)詞還有forget, remember, regret, go on, stop等)

　　3) talking to his mother

　　(考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行)

　　4) talk to his mother for an hour

　　(考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)整個(gè)過程)

　　5) only to break his own leg

　　(考點(diǎn)：意料之外的結(jié)果)

　　6) breaking his legs

　　(考點(diǎn)：意料之中的結(jié)果)

　　7) to see his parents in good health

　　(考點(diǎn)：不定式作原因狀語位于句末)

　　8) Seeing his parents safe and sound

　　(考點(diǎn)：分詞作原因狀語位于句首)

　　9) Following its footprints

　　(考點(diǎn)：現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)主動(dòng))

　　10) followed by two body guards

　　(考點(diǎn)：過去分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng))

　　十、名詞從句

　　1) Why they left their hometown for Yunnan

　　(考點(diǎn)：主語從句)

　　2) What confused me most

　　(考點(diǎn)：同上)

　　3) That this was done on purpose

　　(考點(diǎn)：同上)

　　4) who should be responsible for this matter

　　(考點(diǎn)：較長的主語從句可以后置，用it作形式主語)

　　5) whom Mary is engaged to

　　(考點(diǎn)：同上)

　　6) what can be done today

　　(考點(diǎn)：賓語從句)

　　7) what I have been looking for

　　(考點(diǎn)：表語從句)

　　8) whether/if robots will one day have vision as good as human vision

　　(考點(diǎn)：whether/if引導(dǎo)后置的主語從句)

　　9) Whether she likes the present

　　(考點(diǎn)：whether引導(dǎo)前置的主語從句)

　　10) whether I should ask for another loan

　　(考點(diǎn)：whether引導(dǎo)表語從句)

　　11) whether they will support us

　　(考點(diǎn)：whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句)

　　12) whether I can count on your vote

　　(考點(diǎn)：whether引導(dǎo)同位語從句)

　　(9-12中的whether不可以替換為if)

　　13) that the Government could do nothing to raise their wages

　　(考點(diǎn)：同位語從句)

　　14) that the chairman would agree to this proposal

　　(考點(diǎn)：同上)

　　十一、定語從句

　　1) the house where Lu Xun was born

　　(考點(diǎn)：先行詞為地點(diǎn)，定語從句通常由where引導(dǎo))

　　2) on the day when his son arrived

　　(考點(diǎn)：先行詞為時(shí)間，定語從句通常由when引導(dǎo))

　　3) the reason why I am in favor of this reform

　　(考點(diǎn)：先行詞為reason，定語從句通常由why引導(dǎo))

　　4) a triangle whose three sides are of unequal length

　　(考點(diǎn)：whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句)

　　5) which made our journey more difficult

　　(考點(diǎn)：非限制性定語從句)

　　6) most of whom were English majors

　　(考點(diǎn)：同上)

　　7) As is known to all

　　(考點(diǎn)：as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句)

　　十二、狀語從句

　　1) Whatever we talk about

　　(考點(diǎn)：讓步狀語從句)

　　2) Whichever side wins

　　(考點(diǎn)：同上)

　　3) However hard some people in the audience tried to upset him

　　(考點(diǎn)：同上)

　　4) so that we might get a better view

　　(考點(diǎn)：目的狀語從句)

　　5) that it took us nearly two weeks to solve it

　　(考點(diǎn)：結(jié)果狀語從句)

　　6) as long as you promise to be back before 11 at night

　　(考點(diǎn)：條件狀語從句)

　　7) as if it happened yesterday

　　(考點(diǎn)：方式狀語從句)

　　十三、比較級最高級

　　1) as gracefully as her sister

　　(考點(diǎn)：同級比較)

　　2) far uglier in London than here

　　(考點(diǎn)：用副詞或詞組來修飾比較級)

　　3) one of the best pictures that he has ever painted

　　(考點(diǎn)：最高級)

　　4) the thinner the air becomes

　　(考點(diǎn)：“越……越……”結(jié)構(gòu))

　　十四、倒裝句

　　1) when a knock at the door awakened her

　　(考點(diǎn)：Hardly…when…結(jié)構(gòu))

　　2) than she fell ill

　　(考點(diǎn)：No sooner…than…結(jié)構(gòu))

　　3) Nor did the wife say a word of welcome.

　　(考點(diǎn)：nor表示“后者與前者一樣地不……”)

　　4) did the doctor realize that his patient needed surgery

　　(考點(diǎn)：only引導(dǎo)的狀語位于句首，句子倒裝)

　　5) can we conclude the business

　　(考點(diǎn)：同上)

　　十五、強(qiáng)調(diào)句

　　1) It was Jefferson who wrote

　　(考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)

　　2) It is with genuine feeling that the author(考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語)

　　3) It was because the water had risen that(考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語從句)

　　4) It was Jim, the heartless fellow, who was heard(考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)

　　5) It was not until I told her that(考點(diǎn)：強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語從句)

[NextPage2007年新東方大學(xué)英語六級講義(翻譯部分)3]

　　一、總 則

　　隨著我國改革開放的深入和綜合國力的增強(qiáng)，我部對外交流和合作日益頻繁，對我部干部涉外工作能力提出了越來越高的要求。因此，我部在每年錄用公務(wù)員時(shí)均增加了英語筆試環(huán)節(jié)。

　　考慮到我國現(xiàn)行本科、研究生英語教育體系的實(shí)際情況，本考試在一定程度上借鑒大學(xué)英語四級、六級的考試要求和命題方法，在四、六級的基礎(chǔ)上，更加注重對英語筆語綜合能力的考察。

　　英語筆試成績占綜合成績的15%。

　　本考試在公務(wù)員錄用面試之前由財(cái)政部人事教育司組織實(shí)施。

　　本考試為閉卷考試，考生在考試過程中不得查閱任何參考資料。

　　二、考試總框架與時(shí)間

　　本考試包括六個(gè)部分：

結(jié)構(gòu)、綜合改錯(cuò)、綜合填空、閱讀理解、英漢互譯、命題作文。

　　本考試命題遵循主觀題與客觀題相結(jié)合的原則，主觀題大約占40%，客觀題大約占60%。兩種題型結(jié)合，目的是全面考察考生的綜合筆語能力。

　　考卷滿分為120分。

　　考試時(shí)間180分鐘，由考生自行掌握各部分的時(shí)間。

　　三、各部分內(nèi)容介紹與計(jì)分辦法

　　第一部分：詞語用法和語法結(jié)構(gòu)(Part I: Vocabulary and Grammar)

　　共20題，每題1分，計(jì)20分。

　　本部分給出20個(gè)句子，每個(gè)句子中有一空白。要求考生從每題四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最合適的答案填入空白處，使句子完整，意義明確，合乎邏輯。20題中，涉及詞和短語用法的約占60%，涉及語法結(jié)構(gòu)的約占40%。

　　詞語用法和語法結(jié)構(gòu)部分的目的是測試考生運(yùn)用詞匯、短語及語法結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。考試范圍以大學(xué)英語一級至六級內(nèi)容為主。

　　第二部分：綜合改錯(cuò)(Part II ：Correcting Mistakes)

　　共10題，每題1分，計(jì)10分。

　　本部分給出10個(gè)英語句子，每個(gè)句子中含有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，每個(gè)錯(cuò)誤涉及1個(gè)單詞，可能需要改正、 增添或刪去該詞。錯(cuò)誤類型有語法、搭配、用詞、拼寫等。要求考生找出錯(cuò)誤并改正，使句子的意思完整、明確。

　　綜合改錯(cuò)部分的目的是測試考生綜合運(yùn)用語言的能力。考試范圍以大學(xué)英語一級至六級內(nèi)容為主。

　　第三部分：綜合填空(Part III：Cloze)

　　共10題，每題1分，計(jì)10分。

　　本部分給出一篇150 – 200單詞的短文，其中有10個(gè)空白，每個(gè)空白提供四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，要求考生從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最合適的一個(gè)填入空白處，使短文完整順暢。

　　綜合填空部分的目的是測試考生根據(jù)上下文猜測、推測、判斷意義的能力。考試范圍以大學(xué)英語一級至六級內(nèi)容為主。

　　第四部分：閱讀理解(Part IV：Reading Comprehension)

　　共15題，每題2分，計(jì)30分。

　　本部分給出三篇300單詞左右的短文，合計(jì)閱讀量共約1000單詞。每篇短文后給出五個(gè)題目，要求考生在認(rèn)真閱讀相關(guān)短文后，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容從每個(gè)

項(xiàng)中選出最合適的一項(xiàng)。

　　選材原則：

　　1、題材多樣，可以涉及人物、社會(huì)、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)等方面，略側(cè)重經(jīng)濟(jì)、財(cái)經(jīng)內(nèi)容，但是所涉及的背景知識(shí)應(yīng)能為學(xué)生所理解;

　　2、體裁多樣，可以包括敘述文、說明文、議論文等;

　　3、文章的語言難度基本不超出大學(xué)英語六級的水平，如某些關(guān)鍵的詞匯超出六級范圍，用漢語注明詞義。

　　閱讀理解部分主要測試下述能力：

　　1.既能理解個(gè)別句子的意義，也能理解上下文的邏輯關(guān)系;

　　2.既理解字面的意思;也能理解隱含的意思;

　　3.既理解事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)，也能理解所讀材料的主旨和大意;

　　4.能就文章的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行判斷、推理和信息轉(zhuǎn)換。

　　閱讀理解部分的目的是測試學(xué)生通過閱讀獲取信息的能力，既要求準(zhǔn)確，也要求有一定速度。

　　第五部分：翻譯(Part V：Translation)

　　共2題，每題15分，計(jì)30分。

　　本部分第一題為英譯漢，要求將大約150個(gè)英語單詞的短文翻譯成漢語。第二題為漢譯英，要求將150 – 200個(gè)漢字的短文翻譯成英語。

　　選材原則：

　　基本上從近期報(bào)紙、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)上選取與中外經(jīng)濟(jì)、財(cái)經(jīng)問題有關(guān)的文章，文章內(nèi)容力求清楚，文字難度一般，不涉及高深的專業(yè)知識(shí)和專業(yè)詞匯。

　　翻譯部分主要測試考生的綜合翻譯能力，考察考生能否用流暢、易懂的漢語或英語準(zhǔn)確地傳達(dá)英語、漢語原文的意思。

　　第六部分：寫作(Part VI：Writing)

　　共1題，計(jì)20分。

　　本部分以背景引導(dǎo)加題目的方式，要求考生根據(jù)題目所提供的背景和題目，寫出不超過200單詞的英語作文。

　　題目所提供的背景和題目本身與近期中外經(jīng)濟(jì)、財(cái)經(jīng)問題有關(guān)，要求考生撰寫議論文。文章應(yīng)該論點(diǎn)明確，支持有力，結(jié)論清晰。

　　寫作部分主要測試考生用英語分析問題和解決問題的能力，檢驗(yàn)考生是否了解英語在說理、論述過程中有別于漢語的特點(diǎn)。

　　四、答題要求

　　考試時(shí)將同時(shí)下發(fā)答題紙(Answer Sheet)，所有答案均應(yīng)書寫在答題紙上，寫在試題本上的答案無效。

　　五、其他

　　大綱中的未竟事宜由財(cái)政部人事教育司負(fù)責(zé)解釋。

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