5) 表示情感、愿望的動(dòng)詞,如admire, appreciate, care, enjoy, like, love, hate, detest, regret等。
He is loving his daughter very much. (誤)
He loves his daughter very much. (正)
I’m regretting to say we cannot come. (誤)
I regret to say we cannot come. (正)
3. 時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)
時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)又稱時(shí)態(tài)一致(Sequence of Tenses),指的是某些從句里的動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)必須和主句里的時(shí)態(tài)保持一致。
如果主句里的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)(過(guò)去時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)),那么從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)也相應(yīng)地要用過(guò)去時(shí)。時(shí)態(tài)的呼應(yīng)主要發(fā)生在間接引語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)從句中,但其他從句有時(shí)也存在時(shí)態(tài)一致的問(wèn)題。
--He explained that he had learned Chinese for many years.(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí))
--He said he had been collecting materials on that subject for a long time.(過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí))
--He told me that they would have completed that project by the end of the year.(將來(lái)完成時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí))
雖然主句用了過(guò)去時(shí)等,如果從句表示的是科學(xué)真理、客觀事實(shí)或某人(物)的經(jīng)常性特點(diǎn)時(shí),其時(shí)態(tài)可以不必遵守時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的規(guī)則而仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
--Galileo proved that the earth revolves round the sun.
--The teacher told the students that knowledge is power.
如果從句中有一個(gè)表示絕對(duì)過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),就不必把一般過(guò)去時(shí)變?yōu)檫^(guò)去完成時(shí)。
--He said that he joined the Red Army in 1933.
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