第二，宏觀型理解。

　　很多同學(xué)分析句子的時(shí)候，一頭扎到單詞堆里面，對(duì)表義不明、臨時(shí)拼湊的單詞或詞組花了大力氣琢磨，最后因過(guò)于追求具體信息的理解而失去了整個(gè)句子大意的把握。就好比走進(jìn)一幢建筑，如果我們把注意力放在每一塊磚是怎樣砌在一起的，我們就不能看清房子的結(jié)構(gòu)，只見樹木不見森林。在句子層面，我們更需要關(guān)注的是句子的大概結(jié)構(gòu)，切不可因小失大，尤其當(dāng)句子里面遇到很多表義模糊的概念時(shí)，更應(yīng)該抓大放小。

　　請(qǐng)看下例：

　　In the past our own blocks of flats have been associated with the lower-income groups and they have lacked the obvious provisions, such as central heating, constant hot water supply, electrically operated lifts from top to bottom, and so on, as well as such details important notwithstading, as easy facilities for disposal of dust and rubbish and storage places for baby carriages on the ground floor, playgrounds for children on the top of the buildings, and drying grounds for washing.(1995年6月)

　　很多同學(xué)看到這個(gè)句子的時(shí)，一頭扎到具體信息中去，在思考很多具體搭配的同時(shí)，忽視了整句話的結(jié)構(gòu)，所以看完句子后不知所云。當(dāng)我們?cè)陉P(guān)注“central heating, constant hot water supply, electrically operated lifts from top to bottom”這部分信息的時(shí)候，我們已經(jīng)忽視了句子成分在句子中的地位問(wèn)題，而這個(gè)問(wèn)題必須要有句子的宏觀把握才能看清。Such as引導(dǎo)的應(yīng)該是舉例成分，在句子里面扮演的是次要角色，是對(duì)前面內(nèi)容的細(xì)化補(bǔ)充，所以“such as central heating, constant hot water supply, electrically operated lifts from top to bottom, and so on”這個(gè)舉例成分就應(yīng)該快看粗看，不理解確切含義也問(wèn)題不大。類似的，“easy facilities for disposal of dust and rubbish”，“storage places for baby carriages on the ground floor”，“playgrounds for children on the top of the buildings”, 以及“drying grounds for washing”這些表達(dá)方式都不是關(guān)鍵信息，因?yàn)檫@些信息其實(shí)都是such…… as這個(gè)詞組引導(dǎo)的舉例成分。如果我們沒有這種跳出細(xì)節(jié)把握宏觀的意識(shí)，就不能分析出重點(diǎn)與非重點(diǎn)，從而不能判斷這部分可以略看還是細(xì)看。