27. From Heilman's remark, we can see that .

　　A) full use has been made of the wisdom of older people

　　B) the wisdom of older people is not valued by American society

　　C) older people are no less intelligent than young people

　　D) the wisdom of older people is of great value to American society

　　28. Tish Sommers argues that .

　　A) older women find it hard to escape poverty

　　B) older women usually perform better in their jobs

　　C) the major cause of the poverty of older women is sexism

　　D) more people have come to believe in sexism and ageism

　　29. According to the third paragraph, it can be seen that older Americans .

　　A) have more job opportunities than young people

　　B) live below the poverty line

　　C) have new opportunities to remain active in society

　　D) no longer believe in the promise of a happy life upon retirement

　　30. It can be concluded from the passage that the writer .

　　A) calls attention to the living conditions of older Americans

　　B) believes that the value of older people is gaining increasing recognition

　　C) attempts to justify the youth-oriented, throw-away culture of the United States

　　D) argues people should not retire at the age of 65 or 70

　　Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

　　The most exciting kind of education is also the most personal. Nothing can exceed the joy of discovering for yourself something that is important to you! It may be an idea or a bit of information you come across accidentally—or a sudden insight, fitting together pieces of information or working through a problem. Such personal encounters are the “payoff” in education. A teacher may direct you to learning and even encourage you in it—but no teacher can make the excitement or the joy happen. That's up to you.

　　A research paper, assigned in a course and perhaps checked at various stages by an instructor, leads you beyond classrooms, beyond the texts for classes and into a process where the joy of discovery and learning can come to you many times. Preparing the research paper is an active and individual process, and ideal learning process. It provides a structure within which you can make exciting discoveries, of knowledge and of self, that are basic to education. But the research paper also gives you a chance to individualize a school assignment, to suit a piece of work to your own interests and abilities, to show others what you can do. Writing a research paper is more than just a classroom exercise. It is an experience in searching out, understanding and synthesizing, which forms the basis of many skills applicable to both academic and nonacademic tasks. It is, in the fullest sense, a discovering, an education. So, to produce a good research paper is both a useful and a thoroughly satisfying experience!

　　To some, the thought of having to write an assigned number of pages, often more than ever produced before, is disconcerting. To others, the very idea of having to work independently is threatening. But there is no need to approach the research paper assignment with anxiety, and nobody should view the research paper as an obstacle to overcome. Instead, consider it a goal to accomplish, a goal within reach if you use the help this book can give you.

　　31. According to the writer, personal discoveries .

　　A) will give one encouragement and direction

　　B) are helpful in finding the right information

　　C) are the most valuable part of one's personal education

　　D) will help one to successfully complete school assignments