第二節(jié):其他形式的條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
一、用“without/but for/in the absence of ”表示“要不是”,“如果沒(méi)有”(相當(dāng)于if it were not for…)表示條件時(shí),句中一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。(也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣)
Without your help, I couldn' t finish my work on time.
In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.
二、由“providing (that)/ provided (that)/on condition that/ in order that”引導(dǎo)的條件從句或目的從句,根據(jù)情況,可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。(有時(shí)也可用陳述語(yǔ)氣)
They are willing surrender provided they are given free passage.
三、用without / but for / in the absence of 表示"要不是"、"如果沒(méi)有",表示條件虛擬句:
(1). Without air, nothing could live.要是沒(méi)有空氣,什么也不能生存。
(2). But for your assistance, we could not accomplish it.要不是你的幫忙,我們是難有成就的。
(3). In the absence of water and air, nothing could live.如果沒(méi)有水和空氣,什么也不能生存。
第五部分:其他幾種情況下的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
第一節(jié):虛擬語(yǔ)氣在as if / as though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用
虛擬語(yǔ)氣在as if / as though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式與wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句基本相同
1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在情況有懷疑,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。例如:
(1) .He felt as if he alone were responsible for what had happened.他感到仿佛唯獨(dú)他要對(duì)發(fā)生的一切負(fù)責(zé)。
(2). He acts as if he were / was a TV expert.他做起事來(lái)好象是個(gè)電視專(zhuān)家。
(3).Alan talked about Rome as if he were a Roman.艾倫談起羅馬來(lái)好像他是個(gè)羅馬人一樣。
(4).John pretends as if he didn' t know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.(用過(guò)去式表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè))
(5). He pretends as if he didn't know the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well.(用過(guò)去式表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè))他假裝好象完全不懂那事,其實(shí)他對(duì)那事非常了解。
2. 表示過(guò)去想象中的動(dòng)作或情況,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成式。如:
(1).The tree looked as if it ______ for a long time.
A. hasn't watered B. didn't water
C. hadn't bee watered D. wasn't watered
那棵樹(shù)看上去好象很久沒(méi)人給澆水了。(答案是c)
(2).The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.(用過(guò)去完成式表示與過(guò)去相反的事實(shí))
(3). The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he had gone back to time 20 years ago.(用過(guò)去完成式表示與過(guò)去相反的事實(shí))那老人看著照片,他覺(jué)得仿佛回到20年前的時(shí)光。
3.表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反:
(1).They talked and talked as if they would never meet again (would+動(dòng)詞原形,表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反)
(2). They talked and talked as if they would never meet again.(would + 原形動(dòng)詞meet,表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反)他們談了又談,仿佛他們不會(huì)再相見(jiàn)的樣子。
注: 在as if / as though 句中, 如果有可能成為事實(shí), 用陳述語(yǔ)氣.
He looks as if he is going to be ill.
第二節(jié):虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在lest,for fear that及in case引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中
在由lest等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示“以防,以免”等意思,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多由should +動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成,should也可省略。
例如:
、、He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again.他被處以懲罰以免他再犯。
、啤he mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _____ himself.
a. injure b. injured c. had injure d. would injure
這個(gè)瘋子被關(guān)進(jìn)墻上裝有襯墊的病房,以免傷了他自己。(答案是a)
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