中國有句俗話，叫“聽話聽音，鑼鼓聽聲”。CET4，6的聽力測試也概莫能外。為便于大家查找，本文僅以2000年1月的CET- 6聽力試題第一部分為例。談一談如何領(lǐng)會(huì)說話人的意圖。

    CET4，6第一部分的特點(diǎn)是：男女雙方在對(duì)話中表達(dá)的意思比較含蓄，往往不能為書面選擇提供直接的信息，這就要求考生利用邏輯推理的思維過程，分析辨別說話人的意圖、目的、態(tài)度、要求等，選擇正確答案。具體他說可以從以下幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行具體的分析和研究。

    一、從語音、語調(diào)判斷說話人的意圖
    語音、語調(diào)是表達(dá)人們思想感情的重要手段之一，相同的詞句，用不同的語音、語調(diào)表達(dá)，其內(nèi)涵意義也競?cè)�不同。在聽力測試中，也常用不同的語音、語調(diào)來表達(dá)說話人的懷疑、否定，厭煩或肯定、贊嘆等。通常用降調(diào)，特別是在一般疑問句或反義疑問句中用降調(diào)，表示對(duì)事物的肯定；用升調(diào)，特別是在肯定句中或特殊疑問句中用升調(diào)，表示對(duì)事物的懷疑和否定。聽力測試中有時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣一種情況，當(dāng)一方提出一個(gè)問題時(shí)，另一方立即用升調(diào)重復(fù)這句話中的某一關(guān)鍵詞語，通常表示答話人對(duì)這一關(guān)鍵性詞語所表達(dá)意義的否定。近年來這一類題型很少出現(xiàn)，故不再贅述。

    二、從事（人）物間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系判斷說話人的意圖
    有些對(duì)話中回答人并不正面回答問題。而似乎答非所問。這就需要我們運(yùn)用解題的邏輯思維與推理過程，也就是通常所說的“順藤摸瓜”。在需要領(lǐng)會(huì)說話人意圖這類聽力試題中，一些句子的真實(shí)含義不是直截了當(dāng)?shù)財(cái)[在我們面前，而是要我們根據(jù)對(duì)話中揭示的內(nèi)容去尋找與其有關(guān)的其他事物以及它們之間的聯(lián)系，其聯(lián)系一般可以在書面選項(xiàng)中找到。
    請看例句：
    例1　You will hear:　
    M：Next， shouldn't we get a telephone installed in the hall?　
    W：Fixing the shower pipe is far more important.
    Q: What do we learn from the conversation？
    You will read:　
    A. They have different opinions as to what to do next.
    B. They have to pay for the house by installments.
    C. They will fix a telephone in the bathroom.
    D. The man's attitude is more sensible than the woman's.
    本對(duì)話中女士沒有直接反對(duì)安裝電話，而是提出安裝淋浴噴頭更重要。因此，從女士提到的另一事物“淋浴噴頭”可以推測出她反對(duì)安裝電話：二人意見不一致，所以選A。
    例2　You will hear:
    M：I've noticed that you get letters from Canada from time to time. Would you mind saving the stamps for me？ My sister collects them.
    W：My roommate already asked for them.
    Q: What does the woman imply?
    You will read：
    A. She will save the stamps for the man's sister.
    B. She will no longer get stamps from Canada.
    C. She can't give the stamps to the man's sister.
    D. She has given the stamps to the man's roommates.
    女士說“My roommate already asked for them.”，這里的them當(dāng)然是指stamps。從其提到的另一人物roommate則可以斷定該女士的言外之意就是她不可能再對(duì)別人做出許諾了，即她不能把郵票給the man's sister。因此選C。

    三、從虛擬語氣的內(nèi)涵意義判斷說話人的意圖
    虛擬語氣可以表示與事實(shí)相反的含義。表示與現(xiàn)在及將來事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件時(shí)，謂語的主要形式為：當(dāng)從句為過去式,主句為would／should／could／might+動(dòng)詞原形；表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的主要形式為：當(dāng)從句為had+過去分詞，主句則用would／should／could／might＋have＋過去分詞。若從句和主句發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，謂語形式根據(jù)表示的時(shí)間來調(diào)整。在用于wish后的that分句中，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的主觀設(shè)想，及用于if, as if, as thought等引導(dǎo)的分句和suppose或imagine等后面的分句中，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間或?qū)�來時(shí)間的主觀設(shè)想，則用were型虛擬式。
    例3 You will hear:
    M：I hope I won't oversleep. I've simply got to catch the first flight to New York.
    W： If I were you, I'd request the wakeup call from the hotel reception.
    Q: What does the woman advise the man to do?
    You wil read:
    A. To cancel his trip. B. To go to bed early. C. To catch a later flight. D. To ask for a wake-up call.
    本題的解題關(guān)鍵是聽懂虛擬句"If I were you, I'd request the wake-up call from the hotel reception."（如果我是你，我會(huì)請旅館服務(wù)臺(tái)打叫醒電話。）女士的隱含意圖是建議男士要叫醒電話，所以選D。
    例4 You will hear:
    M：Jane, what would you do if you were on vacation overseas and lost all your money and credit cards？
    W：Well, I guess I'd probably sell my watch and camera-or I might get a job as a waitress somewhere till I made enough money to buy a plane ticket to return home.
    Q: What are they talking about?
    You will read：
    A. An invented story.
    B. A real life experience.
    C. An imaginary situation.
    D. A terrible nightmare.
    該對(duì)話雖然較長，但只要聽到虛擬語氣句中“What would you do if you were ...”，就會(huì)知道這是表示假設(shè)的情景（An　 imaginary situation），于是選C。
    虛擬語氣的內(nèi)涵意義是語法現(xiàn)象在聽力測試中的應(yīng)用，只要掌握好這部分語法，這類聽力試題就會(huì)迎刃而解。

    四、從反義問句的否定含義判斷說話人的意圖
    請看例句：
    例5 You will hear:
    M：I think I'm going to give up playing tennis. I lost again today.
    W：Just because you lost，is that the reason to quit?
    Q: What does the woman imply?　
    You will read：
    A. The man should stick to what his doing.
    B. The man should take up a new hobby.
    C. The man should stop playing tennis.
    D. The man should find the cause of his failure.　
    將整個(gè)對(duì)話聯(lián)系起來，一般疑問句“... is that　 the　 reason　 to　 quit？”就成了反義問句，句子的含義也起了變化，增加了內(nèi)在含義。這種問句不需要對(duì)方回答，稱之為修辭問句，往往用來表示說話人否定的內(nèi)涵。如：Is that a reason for despair?這難道是灰心喪氣的理由嗎？（這不是灰心喪氣的理由）；Is no one going?沒有人去嗎?（應(yīng)該有人去）Where does Tom live？W瞇要？湯姆住在哪里？誰知道啊�。ㄎ乙膊恢�道）“... , is　 that　 the　 reason　 to quit?”的，言外之意就是“難道失敗是放棄的理由嗎？”也就是勸男士堅(jiān)持下去。答案為A。反義問句往往比直接回答更為生動(dòng)幽默，能起到傳神的效果，我們不難理解其意義。

    五、從短語的含義判斷說話人的意圖
    這是判斷說話人的意圖中最難掌握的一部分。在這類對(duì)話中，說話人通常會(huì)借助一些短語、習(xí)語、慣用法來表明自己的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。有時(shí)我們聽清了錄音內(nèi)容，卻不了解其中固定用法的意義因而也不能判斷說話人的意圖，這就要求我們熟練掌握、積累短語、習(xí)語、慣用法的意義。
    例6 You will hear:
    M: What's the matter? You have been sitting there for ages, just staring into space.
    W: I told the Brownings I'd send them a postcard. Now I don't know what to say.
    Q: What's the woman doing?
    You will read:
    A. visiting the Brownings. B. Writing a postcard. C. Looking for a postcard.　D. Filling a form.
    對(duì)話中“for ages”中“ages”的原意是“長時(shí)期，幾百年”，這里是夸張的用法，意思是“很良長一段時(shí)間”�！皊taring into space”是“怔怔地凝視著前方”，并不是在注視著某一個(gè)東西，而是表示在思考著什么。明白了“staringinto space”的意思，則選擇正確答案B。
    例7　You will hear:
    M：My chemistry　 project is in trouble. My partner and I have totally different ideas about how　 to proceed.
    W：You should try to meet each other half way.
    Q: What does the woman suggest?
    You will read：
    A. The man should work with somebody else.
    B. The man should meet his partner's needs.
    C. They should come to a compromise.
    D. They should find a better lab for the project.
    本題的關(guān)鍵在于是否理解短語“to meet each othcr half way”的意思是“通過互讓達(dá)成一致”。它和C中“come to a compromise”意思相同，因此選C。
    對(duì)話作為交際語言，總要表達(dá)一定的意思或達(dá)到一定的目的。我們在聽音時(shí)要注意情景和語意的整體理解，提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住其中的關(guān)鍵信息，借助以上幾點(diǎn)提示，判斷說話人的意圖，做出正確選擇。